Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor which is classified as a long-pentraxin in the pentraxin family. It is known to play an important role in innate immunity, inflammatory regulation and female fertility. PTX3 is synthesized by specific cells, primarily in response to inflam...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00378/full |
| _version_ | 1818193953393999872 |
|---|---|
| author | Kenji eDaigo Takao eHamakubo |
| author_facet | Kenji eDaigo Takao eHamakubo |
| author_sort | Kenji eDaigo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor which is classified as a long-pentraxin in the pentraxin family. It is known to play an important role in innate immunity, inflammatory regulation and female fertility. PTX3 is synthesized by specific cells, primarily in response to inflammatory signals. Among these various cells, neutrophils have a unique PTX3 production system. Neutrophils store PTX3 in neutrophil-specific granules and then the stored PTX3 is released and localizes in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although certain NET components have been identified, such as histones and antimicrobial proteins, the detailed mechanisms by which NETs localize, as well as capture and kill microbes, have not been fully elucidated. PTX3 is a candidate diagnostic marker of infection and vascular damage. In severe infectious diseases such as sepsis, the circulating PTX3 concentration increases greatly (up to 100 ng/mL, i.e. up to 100 fold of the normal level). Even though it is clearly implied that PTX3 plays a protective role in sepsis and certain other disorders, the detailed mechanisms by which it does so remain unclear. A proteomic study of PTX3 ligands in septic patients revealed that PTX3 forms a complex with certain NET component proteins. This suggests a role for PTX3 in which it facilitates the efficiency of antimicrobial protein pathogen clearance by interacting with both pathogens and antimicrobial proteins. We discuss the possible relationships between PTX3 and NET component proteins in the host protection afforded by the innate immune response. The PTX3 complex has the potential to be a highly useful diagnostic marker of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T00:54:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b88cbcfcf7c54f47af041c2b69831cba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T00:54:35Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b88cbcfcf7c54f47af041c2b69831cba2022-12-22T00:43:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242012-12-01310.3389/fimmu.2012.0037837338Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular trapsKenji eDaigo0Takao eHamakubo1The University of TokyoThe University of TokyoPentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor which is classified as a long-pentraxin in the pentraxin family. It is known to play an important role in innate immunity, inflammatory regulation and female fertility. PTX3 is synthesized by specific cells, primarily in response to inflammatory signals. Among these various cells, neutrophils have a unique PTX3 production system. Neutrophils store PTX3 in neutrophil-specific granules and then the stored PTX3 is released and localizes in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although certain NET components have been identified, such as histones and antimicrobial proteins, the detailed mechanisms by which NETs localize, as well as capture and kill microbes, have not been fully elucidated. PTX3 is a candidate diagnostic marker of infection and vascular damage. In severe infectious diseases such as sepsis, the circulating PTX3 concentration increases greatly (up to 100 ng/mL, i.e. up to 100 fold of the normal level). Even though it is clearly implied that PTX3 plays a protective role in sepsis and certain other disorders, the detailed mechanisms by which it does so remain unclear. A proteomic study of PTX3 ligands in septic patients revealed that PTX3 forms a complex with certain NET component proteins. This suggests a role for PTX3 in which it facilitates the efficiency of antimicrobial protein pathogen clearance by interacting with both pathogens and antimicrobial proteins. We discuss the possible relationships between PTX3 and NET component proteins in the host protection afforded by the innate immune response. The PTX3 complex has the potential to be a highly useful diagnostic marker of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00378/fullProtein complexdiagnosispentraxinPTX3Anti-microbial proteinHost-protection |
| spellingShingle | Kenji eDaigo Takao eHamakubo Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps Frontiers in Immunology Protein complex diagnosis pentraxin PTX3 Anti-microbial protein Host-protection |
| title | Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps |
| title_full | Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps |
| title_fullStr | Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps |
| title_short | Host-protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps |
| title_sort | host protective effect of circulating pentraxin 3 ptx3 and complex formation with neutrophil extracellular traps |
| topic | Protein complex diagnosis pentraxin PTX3 Anti-microbial protein Host-protection |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00378/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kenjiedaigo hostprotectiveeffectofcirculatingpentraxin3ptx3andcomplexformationwithneutrophilextracellulartraps AT takaoehamakubo hostprotectiveeffectofcirculatingpentraxin3ptx3andcomplexformationwithneutrophilextracellulartraps |