Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model
Neurotoxic effects of local anesthetics (LAs) on developing motor neurons have not been documented. We investigated the neurotoxic effects of LAs on developing motor neurons in terms of cell viability, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Embryonic spinal cord motor neurons we...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/901 |
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| author | Chang-Hoon Koo Jiseok Baik Hyun-Jung Shin Jin-Hee Kim Jung-Hee Ryu Sung-Hee Han |
| author_facet | Chang-Hoon Koo Jiseok Baik Hyun-Jung Shin Jin-Hee Kim Jung-Hee Ryu Sung-Hee Han |
| author_sort | Chang-Hoon Koo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neurotoxic effects of local anesthetics (LAs) on developing motor neurons have not been documented. We investigated the neurotoxic effects of LAs on developing motor neurons in terms of cell viability, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Embryonic spinal cord motor neurons were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses and exposed to one of the three LAs—lidocaine, bupivacaine, or ropivacaine—at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, or 1000 µM. The exposure duration was set to 1 or 24 h. The neurotoxic effects of LAs were determined by evaluating the following: cell viability, cytotoxicity, ROS production, and apoptosis. In the 1-h exposure group, the motor neurons exposed to lidocaine and bupivacaine had reduced cell viability and increased cytotoxicity, ROS, and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Lidocaine showed the highest toxicity, followed by bupivacaine. In the 24-h exposure group, all three LAs showed significant effects (decreased cell viability and increased cytotoxicity, ROS, and apoptosis) on the motor neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The neurotoxic effects of lidocaine were greater than those of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Ropivacaine appeared to have the least effect on motor neurons. This study identified the neurotoxic effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine on developing spinal cord motor neurons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:33:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b88fd483dabb4f72ab889ee31ebbd578 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:33:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b88fd483dabb4f72ab889ee31ebbd5782023-12-11T18:22:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-02-0110590110.3390/jcm10050901Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat ModelChang-Hoon Koo0Jiseok Baik1Hyun-Jung Shin2Jin-Hee Kim3Jung-Hee Ryu4Sung-Hee Han5Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, KoreaDepartment of Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, KoreaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, KoreaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, KoreaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, KoreaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, KoreaNeurotoxic effects of local anesthetics (LAs) on developing motor neurons have not been documented. We investigated the neurotoxic effects of LAs on developing motor neurons in terms of cell viability, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Embryonic spinal cord motor neurons were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses and exposed to one of the three LAs—lidocaine, bupivacaine, or ropivacaine—at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, or 1000 µM. The exposure duration was set to 1 or 24 h. The neurotoxic effects of LAs were determined by evaluating the following: cell viability, cytotoxicity, ROS production, and apoptosis. In the 1-h exposure group, the motor neurons exposed to lidocaine and bupivacaine had reduced cell viability and increased cytotoxicity, ROS, and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Lidocaine showed the highest toxicity, followed by bupivacaine. In the 24-h exposure group, all three LAs showed significant effects (decreased cell viability and increased cytotoxicity, ROS, and apoptosis) on the motor neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The neurotoxic effects of lidocaine were greater than those of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Ropivacaine appeared to have the least effect on motor neurons. This study identified the neurotoxic effects of lidocaine and bupivacaine on developing spinal cord motor neurons.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/901apoptosisbupivacainelidocainemotor neuronsropivacainetoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Chang-Hoon Koo Jiseok Baik Hyun-Jung Shin Jin-Hee Kim Jung-Hee Ryu Sung-Hee Han Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model Journal of Clinical Medicine apoptosis bupivacaine lidocaine motor neurons ropivacaine toxicity |
| title | Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Neurotoxic Effects of Local Anesthetics on Developing Motor Neurons in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | neurotoxic effects of local anesthetics on developing motor neurons in a rat model |
| topic | apoptosis bupivacaine lidocaine motor neurons ropivacaine toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/5/901 |
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