Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) of organic compounds and ammonium in the complex matrix of landfill leachates (LLs) was investigated using three different boron-doped diamond electrodes produced on silicon substrate (BDD/Si)(levels of boron doping [B]/[C] = 500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm—0.5 k; 10 k, an...
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| author | Barbara Krystyna Wilk Małgorzata Szopińska Aneta Luczkiewicz Michał Sobaszek Ewa Siedlecka Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek |
| author_facet | Barbara Krystyna Wilk Małgorzata Szopińska Aneta Luczkiewicz Michał Sobaszek Ewa Siedlecka Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek |
| author_sort | Barbara Krystyna Wilk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrochemical oxidation (EO) of organic compounds and ammonium in the complex matrix of landfill leachates (LLs) was investigated using three different boron-doped diamond electrodes produced on silicon substrate (BDD/Si)(levels of boron doping [B]/[C] = 500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm—0.5 k; 10 k, and 15 k, respectively) during 8-h tests. The LLs were collected from an old landfill in the Pomerania region (Northern Poland) and were characterized by a high concentration of N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> (2069 ± 103 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (3608 ± 123 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>), high salinity (2690 ± 70 mg Cl<sup>−</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>, 1353 ± 70 mg SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), and poor biodegradability. The experiments revealed that electrochemical oxidation of LLs using BDD 0.5 k and current density (j) = 100 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> was the most effective amongst those tested (C<sub>8h</sub>/C<sub>0</sub>: COD = 0.09 ± 0.14 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>, N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> = 0.39 ± 0.05 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>). COD removal fits the model of pseudo-first-order reactions and N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> removal in most cases follows second-order kinetics. The double increase in biodegradability index—to 0.22 ± 0.05 (BDD 0.5 k, j = 50 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>) shows the potential application of EO prior biological treatment. Despite EO still being an energy consuming process, optimum conditions (COD removal > 70%) might be achieved after 4 h of treatment with an energy consumption of 200 kW·m<sup>−3</sup> (BDD 0.5 k, j = 100 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>). |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b89018cf9b3c4804830e2179b641b7572023-11-22T10:54:20ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-08-011417497110.3390/ma14174971Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond AnodesBarbara Krystyna Wilk0Małgorzata Szopińska1Aneta Luczkiewicz2Michał Sobaszek3Ewa Siedlecka4Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek5Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, PolandFaculty of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St., 80-306 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, PolandElectrochemical oxidation (EO) of organic compounds and ammonium in the complex matrix of landfill leachates (LLs) was investigated using three different boron-doped diamond electrodes produced on silicon substrate (BDD/Si)(levels of boron doping [B]/[C] = 500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm—0.5 k; 10 k, and 15 k, respectively) during 8-h tests. The LLs were collected from an old landfill in the Pomerania region (Northern Poland) and were characterized by a high concentration of N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> (2069 ± 103 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (3608 ± 123 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>), high salinity (2690 ± 70 mg Cl<sup>−</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>, 1353 ± 70 mg SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), and poor biodegradability. The experiments revealed that electrochemical oxidation of LLs using BDD 0.5 k and current density (j) = 100 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> was the most effective amongst those tested (C<sub>8h</sub>/C<sub>0</sub>: COD = 0.09 ± 0.14 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>, N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> = 0.39 ± 0.05 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>). COD removal fits the model of pseudo-first-order reactions and N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> removal in most cases follows second-order kinetics. The double increase in biodegradability index—to 0.22 ± 0.05 (BDD 0.5 k, j = 50 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>) shows the potential application of EO prior biological treatment. Despite EO still being an energy consuming process, optimum conditions (COD removal > 70%) might be achieved after 4 h of treatment with an energy consumption of 200 kW·m<sup>−3</sup> (BDD 0.5 k, j = 100 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/17/4971boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD)advanced oxidation processeselectrooxidation (EO) kineticsoptimization of energy consumption |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Krystyna Wilk Małgorzata Szopińska Aneta Luczkiewicz Michał Sobaszek Ewa Siedlecka Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes Materials boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) advanced oxidation processes electrooxidation (EO) kinetics optimization of energy consumption |
| title | Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes |
| title_full | Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes |
| title_short | Kinetics of the Organic Compounds and Ammonium Nitrogen Electrochemical Oxidation in Landfill Leachates at Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes |
| title_sort | kinetics of the organic compounds and ammonium nitrogen electrochemical oxidation in landfill leachates at boron doped diamond anodes |
| topic | boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) advanced oxidation processes electrooxidation (EO) kinetics optimization of energy consumption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/17/4971 |
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