Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons
This research evaluates the effect of temperature and time austempering on microstructural characteristics and hardness of ductile iron, validating the results by means of a statistical method for hardness prediction. Ductile iron was subjected to austenitization at 950 °C for 120 min and then to au...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/4/676 |
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| author | Nelly Abigaíl Rodríguez-Rosales Félix Alan Montes-González Oziel Gómez-Casas Josué Gómez-Casas Jesús Salvador Galindo-Valdés Juan Carlos Ortiz-Cuellar Jesús Fernando Martínez-Villafañe Daniel García-Navarro Carlos Rodrigo Muñiz-Valdez |
| author_facet | Nelly Abigaíl Rodríguez-Rosales Félix Alan Montes-González Oziel Gómez-Casas Josué Gómez-Casas Jesús Salvador Galindo-Valdés Juan Carlos Ortiz-Cuellar Jesús Fernando Martínez-Villafañe Daniel García-Navarro Carlos Rodrigo Muñiz-Valdez |
| author_sort | Nelly Abigaíl Rodríguez-Rosales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research evaluates the effect of temperature and time austempering on microstructural characteristics and hardness of ductile iron, validating the results by means of a statistical method for hardness prediction. Ductile iron was subjected to austenitization at 950 °C for 120 min and then to austempering heat treatment in a salt bath at temperatures of 290, 320, 350 and 380 °C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. By increasing austempering temperature, a higher content of carbon-rich austenite was obtained, and the morphology of the thin acicular ferrite needles produced at 290 °C turned completely feathery at 350 and 380 °C. A thickening of acicular ferrite needles was also observed as austempering time increased. An inversely proportional behavior of hardness values was thus obtained, which was validated through data analysis, statistical tools and a regression model taking temperature and time austempering as input variables and hardness as the output variable, which achieved a correlation among variables of about 97%. The proposal of a mathematical model for the prediction of hardness in austempered ductile iron represents a numerical approximation which validates the experimental results at 95.20%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b890f72430f44f3b9f88bfa12031ced7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b890f72430f44f3b9f88bfa12031ced72023-12-01T21:14:13ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012022-04-0112467610.3390/met12040676Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile IronsNelly Abigaíl Rodríguez-Rosales0Félix Alan Montes-González1Oziel Gómez-Casas2Josué Gómez-Casas3Jesús Salvador Galindo-Valdés4Juan Carlos Ortiz-Cuellar5Jesús Fernando Martínez-Villafañe6Daniel García-Navarro7Carlos Rodrigo Muñiz-Valdez8Departamento de Metal Mecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Saltillo, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, MexicoDepartamento de Metal Mecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Saltillo, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Arteaga 25350, Coahuila, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Arteaga 25350, Coahuila, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Arteaga 25350, Coahuila, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Arteaga 25350, Coahuila, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Arteaga 25350, Coahuila, MexicoDepartamento de Metal Mecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Saltillo, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Arteaga 25350, Coahuila, MexicoThis research evaluates the effect of temperature and time austempering on microstructural characteristics and hardness of ductile iron, validating the results by means of a statistical method for hardness prediction. Ductile iron was subjected to austenitization at 950 °C for 120 min and then to austempering heat treatment in a salt bath at temperatures of 290, 320, 350 and 380 °C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. By increasing austempering temperature, a higher content of carbon-rich austenite was obtained, and the morphology of the thin acicular ferrite needles produced at 290 °C turned completely feathery at 350 and 380 °C. A thickening of acicular ferrite needles was also observed as austempering time increased. An inversely proportional behavior of hardness values was thus obtained, which was validated through data analysis, statistical tools and a regression model taking temperature and time austempering as input variables and hardness as the output variable, which achieved a correlation among variables of about 97%. The proposal of a mathematical model for the prediction of hardness in austempered ductile iron represents a numerical approximation which validates the experimental results at 95.20%.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/4/676austempered ductile ironheat treatmentsstatistical model |
| spellingShingle | Nelly Abigaíl Rodríguez-Rosales Félix Alan Montes-González Oziel Gómez-Casas Josué Gómez-Casas Jesús Salvador Galindo-Valdés Juan Carlos Ortiz-Cuellar Jesús Fernando Martínez-Villafañe Daniel García-Navarro Carlos Rodrigo Muñiz-Valdez Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons Metals austempered ductile iron heat treatments statistical model |
| title | Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons |
| title_full | Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons |
| title_fullStr | Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons |
| title_short | Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons |
| title_sort | statistical data driven model for hardness prediction in austempered ductile irons |
| topic | austempered ductile iron heat treatments statistical model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/4/676 |
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