Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets
Tennis racket manufacturers rely on subjective assessments from testers during the development process. However, these assessments often lack validity and include multiple sources of inconsistency in the way testers make subjective ratings. The purpose of this research was to investigate the suitabi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Proceedings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/49/1/123 |
| _version_ | 1797565320101101568 |
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| author | Maximilian Bauer Sean Mitchell Nathan Elliott Jonathan Roberts |
| author_facet | Maximilian Bauer Sean Mitchell Nathan Elliott Jonathan Roberts |
| author_sort | Maximilian Bauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tennis racket manufacturers rely on subjective assessments from testers during the development process. However, these assessments often lack validity and include multiple sources of inconsistency in the way testers make subjective ratings. The purpose of this research was to investigate the suitability of the free-choice profiling (FCP) method in combination with principle component analysis (PCA) and multiple factor analysis (MFA) to determine the sensory profile of rackets. FCP was found to be a suitable technique to quickly evaluate the sensory profile of rackets; however, consumer testers tended to use ill-defined, industry-generated terms, which negatively impacted discrimination and inter-rater agreement. Discrimination and inter-rater agreement improved for attributes referring to measurable parameters of the rackets, such as vibration. This study furthers our understanding of tennis racket feel and supports racket engineers in designing new subjective testing methods, which provide more meaningful data regarding racket feel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:10:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8996e85cb1c4633b231a08076fe7a32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-3900 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:10:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8996e85cb1c4633b231a08076fe7a322023-11-20T03:51:07ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002020-06-0149112310.3390/proceedings2020049123Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis RacketsMaximilian Bauer0Sean Mitchell1Nathan Elliott2Jonathan Roberts3Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3QF, UKWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3QF, UKR&D Racquet Sports, HEAD Sport GmbH, 6921 Kennelbach, AustriaWolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3QF, UKTennis racket manufacturers rely on subjective assessments from testers during the development process. However, these assessments often lack validity and include multiple sources of inconsistency in the way testers make subjective ratings. The purpose of this research was to investigate the suitability of the free-choice profiling (FCP) method in combination with principle component analysis (PCA) and multiple factor analysis (MFA) to determine the sensory profile of rackets. FCP was found to be a suitable technique to quickly evaluate the sensory profile of rackets; however, consumer testers tended to use ill-defined, industry-generated terms, which negatively impacted discrimination and inter-rater agreement. Discrimination and inter-rater agreement improved for attributes referring to measurable parameters of the rackets, such as vibration. This study furthers our understanding of tennis racket feel and supports racket engineers in designing new subjective testing methods, which provide more meaningful data regarding racket feel.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/49/1/123feelsensory analysistennis racketsfree-choice profilingPCAMFA |
| spellingShingle | Maximilian Bauer Sean Mitchell Nathan Elliott Jonathan Roberts Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets Proceedings feel sensory analysis tennis rackets free-choice profiling PCA MFA |
| title | Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets |
| title_full | Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets |
| title_fullStr | Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets |
| title_short | Rapid Sensory Profiling of Tennis Rackets |
| title_sort | rapid sensory profiling of tennis rackets |
| topic | feel sensory analysis tennis rackets free-choice profiling PCA MFA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/49/1/123 |
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