Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System
Milpa is an agroecological production system based on the polyculture of plant species, with corn featuring as a central component. Traditionally, the milpa system does not require the application of chemicals, and so pest attacks and poor growth in poor soils can have adverse effects on its product...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Цуврал: | Plants |
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| Онлайн хандалт: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/954 |
| _version_ | 1827286657834942464 |
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| author | Blanca Rojas-Sánchez Hugo Castelán-Sánchez Esmeralda Y. Garfias-Zamora Gustavo Santoyo |
| author_facet | Blanca Rojas-Sánchez Hugo Castelán-Sánchez Esmeralda Y. Garfias-Zamora Gustavo Santoyo |
| author_sort | Blanca Rojas-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Milpa is an agroecological production system based on the polyculture of plant species, with corn featuring as a central component. Traditionally, the milpa system does not require the application of chemicals, and so pest attacks and poor growth in poor soils can have adverse effects on its production. Therefore, the application of bioinoculants could be a strategy for improving crop growth and health; however, the effect of external inoculant agents on the endemic microbiota associated with corn has not been extensively studied. Here, the objective of this work was to fertilize a maize crop under a milpa agrosystem with the PGPR <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270, evaluating its impact on the diversity of the rhizosphere (rhizobiome) and root endophytic (root endobiome) microbiomes of maize plants. The endobiome of maize roots was evaluated by 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequencing, and the rhizobiome was assessed by metagenomic sequencing upon inoculation with the strain UM270. The results showed that UM270 inoculation of the rhizosphere of <i>P. fluorescens</i> UM270 did not increase alpha diversity in either the monoculture or milpa, but it did alter the endophytic microbiome of maize plant roots by stimulating the presence of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the genera <i>Burkholderia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> (in a monoculture), whereas, in the milpa system, the PGPR stimulated greater endophytic diversity and the presence of genera such as <i>Burkholderia</i>, <i>Variovorax</i>, and N-fixing rhizobia genera, including <i>Rhizobium</i>, <i>Mesorhizobium</i>, and <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>. No clear association was found between fungal diversity and the presence of strain UM270, but beneficial fungi, such as <i>Rizophagus irregularis</i> and <i>Exophiala pisciphila</i>, were detected in the Milpa system. In addition, network analysis revealed unique interactions with species such as <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> sp., <i>Burkholderia xenovorans</i>, and <i>Sphingobium yanoikuyae</i>, which could potentially play beneficial roles in the plant. Finally, the UM270 strain does not seem to have a strong impact on the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere, but it does have a strong impact on some functions, such as trehalose synthesis, ammonium assimilation, and polyamine metabolism. The inoculation of UM270 biofertilizer in maize plants modifies the rhizo- and endophytic microbiomes with a high potential for stimulating plant growth and health in agroecological crop models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b89c43ed6bd645eb8469f5d5954ea1e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-b89c43ed6bd645eb8469f5d5954ea1e42024-04-12T13:24:43ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113795410.3390/plants13070954Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa SystemBlanca Rojas-Sánchez0Hugo Castelán-Sánchez1Esmeralda Y. Garfias-Zamora2Gustavo Santoyo3Genomic Diversity Lab, Institute of Chemical and Biological Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaGenomic Diversity Lab, Institute of Chemical and Biological Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaMilpa is an agroecological production system based on the polyculture of plant species, with corn featuring as a central component. Traditionally, the milpa system does not require the application of chemicals, and so pest attacks and poor growth in poor soils can have adverse effects on its production. Therefore, the application of bioinoculants could be a strategy for improving crop growth and health; however, the effect of external inoculant agents on the endemic microbiota associated with corn has not been extensively studied. Here, the objective of this work was to fertilize a maize crop under a milpa agrosystem with the PGPR <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270, evaluating its impact on the diversity of the rhizosphere (rhizobiome) and root endophytic (root endobiome) microbiomes of maize plants. The endobiome of maize roots was evaluated by 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequencing, and the rhizobiome was assessed by metagenomic sequencing upon inoculation with the strain UM270. The results showed that UM270 inoculation of the rhizosphere of <i>P. fluorescens</i> UM270 did not increase alpha diversity in either the monoculture or milpa, but it did alter the endophytic microbiome of maize plant roots by stimulating the presence of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the genera <i>Burkholderia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> (in a monoculture), whereas, in the milpa system, the PGPR stimulated greater endophytic diversity and the presence of genera such as <i>Burkholderia</i>, <i>Variovorax</i>, and N-fixing rhizobia genera, including <i>Rhizobium</i>, <i>Mesorhizobium</i>, and <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>. No clear association was found between fungal diversity and the presence of strain UM270, but beneficial fungi, such as <i>Rizophagus irregularis</i> and <i>Exophiala pisciphila</i>, were detected in the Milpa system. In addition, network analysis revealed unique interactions with species such as <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> sp., <i>Burkholderia xenovorans</i>, and <i>Sphingobium yanoikuyae</i>, which could potentially play beneficial roles in the plant. Finally, the UM270 strain does not seem to have a strong impact on the microbial diversity of the rhizosphere, but it does have a strong impact on some functions, such as trehalose synthesis, ammonium assimilation, and polyamine metabolism. The inoculation of UM270 biofertilizer in maize plants modifies the rhizo- and endophytic microbiomes with a high potential for stimulating plant growth and health in agroecological crop models.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/954bioinoculantsPGPRmilpa systemplant bacteriomeendophytes |
| spellingShingle | Blanca Rojas-Sánchez Hugo Castelán-Sánchez Esmeralda Y. Garfias-Zamora Gustavo Santoyo Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System Plants bioinoculants PGPR milpa system plant bacteriome endophytes |
| title | Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System |
| title_full | Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System |
| title_fullStr | Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System |
| title_short | Diversity of the Maize Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiomes Modulated by the Inoculation with <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> UM270 in a Milpa System |
| title_sort | diversity of the maize root endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes modulated by the inoculation with i pseudomonas fluorescens i um270 in a milpa system |
| topic | bioinoculants PGPR milpa system plant bacteriome endophytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/954 |
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