Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment
The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO composite was synthesized via the simultaneous deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO onto pre-prepared Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods (TEM,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1190 |
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| author | Oksana Makota Erika Dutková Jaroslav Briančin Jozef Bednarcik Maksym Lisnichuk Iryna Yevchuk Inna Melnyk |
| author_facet | Oksana Makota Erika Dutková Jaroslav Briančin Jozef Bednarcik Maksym Lisnichuk Iryna Yevchuk Inna Melnyk |
| author_sort | Oksana Makota |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO composite was synthesized via the simultaneous deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO onto pre-prepared Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods (TEM, EDXS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, PL, zeta potential measurements, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption) revealed that the simultaneous deposition onto magnetite surfaces, up to 18 nm in size, results in the formation of an amorphous shell composed of a mixture of zinc and silicon oxides. This composite underwent modification to form Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO*, achieved by activation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The modified composite retained its structural integrity, but its surface groups underwent significant changes, exhibiting pronounced catalytic activity in the photodegradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. It was capable of degrading 96% of this azo dye in 240 min, compared to the initial Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO composite, which could remove only 11% under identical conditions. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO* demonstrated robust stability after three cycles of use in dye photodegradation. Furthermore, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO* exhibited decreased PL intensity, indicating an enhanced efficiency in electron-hole pair separation and a reduced recombination rate in the modified composite. The activation process diminishes the electron-hole (e<sup>−</sup>)/(h<sup>+</sup>) recombination and generates the potent oxidizing species, hydroxyl radicals (OH˙), on the photocatalyst surface, thereby playing a crucial role in the enhanced photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO*. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:58:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8a43f142ecc46358842d954f32342e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:58:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8a43f142ecc46358842d954f32342e12024-03-27T13:56:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01296119010.3390/molecules29061190Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV TreatmentOksana Makota0Erika Dutková1Jaroslav Briančin2Jozef Bednarcik3Maksym Lisnichuk4Iryna Yevchuk5Inna Melnyk6Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaInstitute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaInstitute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaFaculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Kosice, Park Angelinum 9, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaFaculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Kosice, Park Angelinum 9, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaDepartment of Physical Chemistry of Fossil Fuels, Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry named after L. M. Lytvynenko, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova 3a, 79060 Lviv, UkraineInstitute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaThe Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO composite was synthesized via the simultaneous deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO onto pre-prepared Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods (TEM, EDXS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, PL, zeta potential measurements, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption) revealed that the simultaneous deposition onto magnetite surfaces, up to 18 nm in size, results in the formation of an amorphous shell composed of a mixture of zinc and silicon oxides. This composite underwent modification to form Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO*, achieved by activation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The modified composite retained its structural integrity, but its surface groups underwent significant changes, exhibiting pronounced catalytic activity in the photodegradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. It was capable of degrading 96% of this azo dye in 240 min, compared to the initial Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO composite, which could remove only 11% under identical conditions. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO* demonstrated robust stability after three cycles of use in dye photodegradation. Furthermore, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO* exhibited decreased PL intensity, indicating an enhanced efficiency in electron-hole pair separation and a reduced recombination rate in the modified composite. The activation process diminishes the electron-hole (e<sup>−</sup>)/(h<sup>+</sup>) recombination and generates the potent oxidizing species, hydroxyl radicals (OH˙), on the photocatalyst surface, thereby playing a crucial role in the enhanced photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO*.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1190photocatalytic degradationmethyl orangemagnetic nanocompositeH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation |
| spellingShingle | Oksana Makota Erika Dutková Jaroslav Briančin Jozef Bednarcik Maksym Lisnichuk Iryna Yevchuk Inna Melnyk Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment Molecules photocatalytic degradation methyl orange magnetic nanocomposite H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation |
| title | Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment |
| title_full | Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment |
| title_short | Advanced Photodegradation of Azo Dye Methyl Orange Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Activated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@ZnO Composite under UV Treatment |
| title_sort | advanced photodegradation of azo dye methyl orange using h sub 2 sub o sub 2 sub activated fe sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub sio sub 2 sub zno composite under uv treatment |
| topic | photocatalytic degradation methyl orange magnetic nanocomposite H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> activation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/6/1190 |
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