Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors
In this paper, a novel electron mediator, 1-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate (mPES), was introduced as a versatile mediator for disposable enzyme sensor strips, employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, lactate oxidase (LOx), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and fructosyl peptide oxidase...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2825 |
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| author | Maya Fitriana Noya Loew Arief Budi Witarto Kazunori Ikebukuro Koji Sode Wakako Tsugawa |
| author_facet | Maya Fitriana Noya Loew Arief Budi Witarto Kazunori Ikebukuro Koji Sode Wakako Tsugawa |
| author_sort | Maya Fitriana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, a novel electron mediator, 1-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate (mPES), was introduced as a versatile mediator for disposable enzyme sensor strips, employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, lactate oxidase (LOx), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOx). A disposable lactate enzyme sensor with oxygen insensitive <i>Aerococcus viridans</i>-derived engineered LOx (<i>Av</i>LOx), with A96L mutant as the enzyme, was constructed. The constructed lactate sensor exhibited a high sensitivity (0.73 ± 0.12 μA/mM) and wide linear range (0–50 mM lactate), showings that mPES functions as an effective mediator for <i>Av</i>LOx. Employing mPES as mediator allowed this amperometric lactate sensor to be operated at a relatively low potential of +0.2 V to 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, thus avoiding interference from uric acid and acetaminophen. The lactate sensors were adequately stable for at least 48 days of storage at 25 °C. These results indicated that mPES can be replaced with 1-methoxy-5-methyl phenazinium methyl sulfate (mPMS), which we previously reported as the best mediator for <i>Av</i>LOx-based lactate sensors. Furthermore, this study revealed that mPES can be used as an effective electron mediator for the enzyme sensors employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, GDH-based glucose sensors, and FPOx-based hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) sensors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:47:55Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b8a5b92b8ae3484595d6f259adc1cd36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:47:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8a5b92b8ae3484595d6f259adc1cd362023-11-20T00:39:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-05-012010282510.3390/s20102825Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based SensorsMaya Fitriana0Noya Loew1Arief Budi Witarto2Kazunori Ikebukuro3Koji Sode4Wakako Tsugawa5Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, JapanJoint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAFaculty of Biotechnology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Jl. Raya Olat Maras, Batu Alang, Moyo Hulu, Sumbawa Besar 84371, IndonesiaDepartment of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, JapanJoint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, JapanIn this paper, a novel electron mediator, 1-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate (mPES), was introduced as a versatile mediator for disposable enzyme sensor strips, employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, lactate oxidase (LOx), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOx). A disposable lactate enzyme sensor with oxygen insensitive <i>Aerococcus viridans</i>-derived engineered LOx (<i>Av</i>LOx), with A96L mutant as the enzyme, was constructed. The constructed lactate sensor exhibited a high sensitivity (0.73 ± 0.12 μA/mM) and wide linear range (0–50 mM lactate), showings that mPES functions as an effective mediator for <i>Av</i>LOx. Employing mPES as mediator allowed this amperometric lactate sensor to be operated at a relatively low potential of +0.2 V to 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, thus avoiding interference from uric acid and acetaminophen. The lactate sensors were adequately stable for at least 48 days of storage at 25 °C. These results indicated that mPES can be replaced with 1-methoxy-5-methyl phenazinium methyl sulfate (mPMS), which we previously reported as the best mediator for <i>Av</i>LOx-based lactate sensors. Furthermore, this study revealed that mPES can be used as an effective electron mediator for the enzyme sensors employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, GDH-based glucose sensors, and FPOx-based hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) sensors.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/28251-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfatedisposable enzyme sensorlactate oxidaseglucose dehydrogenasefructosyl peptide oxidaseelectrochemical enzyme sensor |
| spellingShingle | Maya Fitriana Noya Loew Arief Budi Witarto Kazunori Ikebukuro Koji Sode Wakako Tsugawa Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors Sensors 1-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate disposable enzyme sensor lactate oxidase glucose dehydrogenase fructosyl peptide oxidase electrochemical enzyme sensor |
| title | Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors |
| title_full | Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors |
| title_short | Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors |
| title_sort | employment of 1 methoxy 5 ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate as a stable electron mediator in flavin oxidoreductases based sensors |
| topic | 1-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate disposable enzyme sensor lactate oxidase glucose dehydrogenase fructosyl peptide oxidase electrochemical enzyme sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2825 |
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