Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars
Cyprus has a long tradition in grape cultivation and wine making and grapevine is important for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, like in other Mediterranean areas. Water scarcity, which is projected to increase due to climate change, could negatively affect the sector. In this research...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/670 |
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| author | Antonios Chrysargyris Panayiota Xylia Vassilis Litskas Menelaos Stavrinides Lisa Heyman Kristof Demeestere Monica Höfte Nikolaos Tzortzakis |
| author_facet | Antonios Chrysargyris Panayiota Xylia Vassilis Litskas Menelaos Stavrinides Lisa Heyman Kristof Demeestere Monica Höfte Nikolaos Tzortzakis |
| author_sort | Antonios Chrysargyris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyprus has a long tradition in grape cultivation and wine making and grapevine is important for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, like in other Mediterranean areas. Water scarcity, which is projected to increase due to climate change, could negatively affect the sector. In this research, the effects of irrigation and tillage treatments on various aspects of vine growth and product quality (e.g., yield, physiology and quality attributes), were studied in Chardonnay and Xynisteri cultivars grown in clay soils in Cyprus. Regarding soil properties and water content, N and K were more abundant in the soil than P and through the growing period irrigation tended to increase electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil. Soil water content (volumetric) was 22%–27.5% and 13%–16%, when irrigation was applied or not, respectively. Vegetative soil cover occupied 50%–55% of the surface and contained species typically present in Mediterranean farms (e.g., Poaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae). Tillage increased yield in Xynisteri (4–5 kg plant<sup>−1</sup>) but negatively affected other parameters such as chlorophyll levels (in Xynisteri). In combination with irrigation, tillage increased antioxidant activity in Chardonnay (assessed by FRAP and DPPH), at harvest. Total phenolics at harvest were higher in the grape juice of Xynisteri, compared to Chardonnay (30–40 and 20–25 mg GA g<sup>−1</sup> fresh weight, respectively). Irrigation influenced phytohormone levels in the two cultivars. ABA increased in non-irrigated Xynisteri, reflecting an increased capacity to react towards water stress. Water stress is considered to increase polyphenols in grapes, but in the case of Xynisteri it seems that irrigation water is required to obtain better quality grapes as without irrigation volumetric water content (VWC) is close to the permanent wilting point. Titratable acidity and total tannins decreased in Chardonnay, when tillage and irrigation were applied. In addition, tillage and irrigation tended to elevate the pH of the grape juice. Tillage and irrigation on the other hand, had no effect on the levels of ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content. The results of this research may help to select management strategies that support the adaptation of viticulture to climate change in Cyprus and other Mediterranean areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8ae530eecc54604a5860d93ea23d3f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8ae530eecc54604a5860d93ea23d3f62023-11-20T00:00:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110567010.3390/agronomy10050670Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape CultivarsAntonios Chrysargyris0Panayiota Xylia1Vassilis Litskas2Menelaos Stavrinides3Lisa Heyman4Kristof Demeestere5Monica Höfte6Nikolaos Tzortzakis7Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusDepartment of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, CyprusCyprus has a long tradition in grape cultivation and wine making and grapevine is important for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, like in other Mediterranean areas. Water scarcity, which is projected to increase due to climate change, could negatively affect the sector. In this research, the effects of irrigation and tillage treatments on various aspects of vine growth and product quality (e.g., yield, physiology and quality attributes), were studied in Chardonnay and Xynisteri cultivars grown in clay soils in Cyprus. Regarding soil properties and water content, N and K were more abundant in the soil than P and through the growing period irrigation tended to increase electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil. Soil water content (volumetric) was 22%–27.5% and 13%–16%, when irrigation was applied or not, respectively. Vegetative soil cover occupied 50%–55% of the surface and contained species typically present in Mediterranean farms (e.g., Poaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae). Tillage increased yield in Xynisteri (4–5 kg plant<sup>−1</sup>) but negatively affected other parameters such as chlorophyll levels (in Xynisteri). In combination with irrigation, tillage increased antioxidant activity in Chardonnay (assessed by FRAP and DPPH), at harvest. Total phenolics at harvest were higher in the grape juice of Xynisteri, compared to Chardonnay (30–40 and 20–25 mg GA g<sup>−1</sup> fresh weight, respectively). Irrigation influenced phytohormone levels in the two cultivars. ABA increased in non-irrigated Xynisteri, reflecting an increased capacity to react towards water stress. Water stress is considered to increase polyphenols in grapes, but in the case of Xynisteri it seems that irrigation water is required to obtain better quality grapes as without irrigation volumetric water content (VWC) is close to the permanent wilting point. Titratable acidity and total tannins decreased in Chardonnay, when tillage and irrigation were applied. In addition, tillage and irrigation tended to elevate the pH of the grape juice. Tillage and irrigation on the other hand, had no effect on the levels of ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content. The results of this research may help to select management strategies that support the adaptation of viticulture to climate change in Cyprus and other Mediterranean areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/670tillageirrigationcultivation practicesgrape qualityplant hormones |
| spellingShingle | Antonios Chrysargyris Panayiota Xylia Vassilis Litskas Menelaos Stavrinides Lisa Heyman Kristof Demeestere Monica Höfte Nikolaos Tzortzakis Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars Agronomy tillage irrigation cultivation practices grape quality plant hormones |
| title | Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars |
| title_full | Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars |
| title_short | Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars |
| title_sort | assessing the impact of drought stress and soil cultivation in chardonnay and xynisteri grape cultivars |
| topic | tillage irrigation cultivation practices grape quality plant hormones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/670 |
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