Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals. Its genome spans over 230 kbp and potentially encodes over 200 open-reading frames. The HCMV transcriptome consists of various types of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long no...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/8/1703 |
| _version_ | 1827728501874098176 |
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| author | Janine Zeng Di Cao Shaomin Yang Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan Xiaolian Liu Songbin Wu Ruth Cruz-Cosme Qiyi Tang Hua Zhu |
| author_facet | Janine Zeng Di Cao Shaomin Yang Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan Xiaolian Liu Songbin Wu Ruth Cruz-Cosme Qiyi Tang Hua Zhu |
| author_sort | Janine Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals. Its genome spans over 230 kbp and potentially encodes over 200 open-reading frames. The HCMV transcriptome consists of various types of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), with emerging insights into their biological functions. HCMV mRNAs are involved in crucial viral processes, such as viral replication, transcription, and translation regulation, as well as immune modulation and other effects on host cells. Additionally, four lncRNAs (RNA1.2, RNA2.7, RNA4.9, and RNA5.0) have been identified in HCMV, which play important roles in lytic replication like bypassing acute antiviral responses, promoting cell movement and viral spread, and maintaining HCMV latency. CircRNAs have gained attention for their important and diverse biological functions, including association with different diseases, acting as microRNA sponges, regulating parental gene expression, and serving as translation templates. Remarkably, HCMV encodes miRNAs which play critical roles in silencing human genes and other functions. This review gives an overview of human cytomegalovirus and current research on the HCMV transcriptome during lytic and latent infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8bd71b44af84330a4327a984f167552 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8bd71b44af84330a4327a984f1675522023-11-19T03:20:33ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-08-01158170310.3390/v15081703Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive ReviewJanine Zeng0Di Cao1Shaomin Yang2Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan3Xiaolian Liu4Songbin Wu5Ruth Cruz-Cosme6Qiyi Tang7Hua Zhu8Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USADepartment of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, ChinaDepartment of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USAInstitute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaDepartment of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USAHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals. Its genome spans over 230 kbp and potentially encodes over 200 open-reading frames. The HCMV transcriptome consists of various types of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), with emerging insights into their biological functions. HCMV mRNAs are involved in crucial viral processes, such as viral replication, transcription, and translation regulation, as well as immune modulation and other effects on host cells. Additionally, four lncRNAs (RNA1.2, RNA2.7, RNA4.9, and RNA5.0) have been identified in HCMV, which play important roles in lytic replication like bypassing acute antiviral responses, promoting cell movement and viral spread, and maintaining HCMV latency. CircRNAs have gained attention for their important and diverse biological functions, including association with different diseases, acting as microRNA sponges, regulating parental gene expression, and serving as translation templates. Remarkably, HCMV encodes miRNAs which play critical roles in silencing human genes and other functions. This review gives an overview of human cytomegalovirus and current research on the HCMV transcriptome during lytic and latent infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/8/1703HCMVtranscriptomemRNAlncRNAcircRNAmiRNA |
| spellingShingle | Janine Zeng Di Cao Shaomin Yang Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan Xiaolian Liu Songbin Wu Ruth Cruz-Cosme Qiyi Tang Hua Zhu Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review Viruses HCMV transcriptome mRNA lncRNA circRNA miRNA |
| title | Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full | Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_short | Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_sort | insights into the transcriptome of human cytomegalovirus a comprehensive review |
| topic | HCMV transcriptome mRNA lncRNA circRNA miRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/8/1703 |
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