Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch
<i>Bacillus cereus</i> is a human pathogenic bacterium found in foods with the potential to cause emesis and diarrhea. This study estimated the presence, toxigenic and genomic diversity of <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> obtained from cassava starch samples collected in bakeries and po...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/131 |
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| author | Jennifer Sánchez-Chica Margarita M. Correa Angel E. Aceves-Diez Laura M. Castañeda-Sandoval |
| author_facet | Jennifer Sánchez-Chica Margarita M. Correa Angel E. Aceves-Diez Laura M. Castañeda-Sandoval |
| author_sort | Jennifer Sánchez-Chica |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Bacillus cereus</i> is a human pathogenic bacterium found in foods with the potential to cause emesis and diarrhea. This study estimated the presence, toxigenic and genomic diversity of <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> obtained from cassava starch samples collected in bakeries and powdered food companies in Medellín (Colombia). <i>Bacillus cereus</i><i>s.l.</i> was found in 43 of 75 (57%) cassava starch samples and 98 isolates were obtained. The <i>nheABC</i>, <i>hblCDAB</i>, <i>cytK2</i>, <i>entFM</i> and <i>cesB</i> toxin genes were detected by multiplex PCR and the most frequent operon was <i>nheABC</i>, whereas <i>cesB</i> gene was not found. Twelve toxigenic profiles were determined by the detection of toxin genes, and the most frequent profiles harbored all enterotoxin genes. A broad genomic diversity was detected according to GTG<sub>5</sub>-PCR fingerprinting results with 76 <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> grouped in sixteen clusters and the 22 isolates clustering separately. No relationship was observed between genomic background and toxigenic profiles. In general, the results showed a high genomic and enterotoxigenic diversity in <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> found in cassava starch. These results should incentive future studies to understand the distribution of <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> isolated on raw materials in comparison with finished products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:55:23Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b8c55a3cecb447ad8d7502f33ff36a22 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:55:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8c55a3cecb447ad8d7502f33ff36a222023-12-03T13:06:38ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-02-0113213110.3390/toxins13020131Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava StarchJennifer Sánchez-Chica0Margarita M. Correa1Angel E. Aceves-Diez2Laura M. Castañeda-Sandoval3Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, ColombiaGrupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, ColombiaResearch and Development Department, Minkab Laboratories, Av. 18 de Marzo No. 546, Col. La Nogalera, Guadalajara P.O. Box 44470, Jalisco, MexicoGrupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia<i>Bacillus cereus</i> is a human pathogenic bacterium found in foods with the potential to cause emesis and diarrhea. This study estimated the presence, toxigenic and genomic diversity of <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> obtained from cassava starch samples collected in bakeries and powdered food companies in Medellín (Colombia). <i>Bacillus cereus</i><i>s.l.</i> was found in 43 of 75 (57%) cassava starch samples and 98 isolates were obtained. The <i>nheABC</i>, <i>hblCDAB</i>, <i>cytK2</i>, <i>entFM</i> and <i>cesB</i> toxin genes were detected by multiplex PCR and the most frequent operon was <i>nheABC</i>, whereas <i>cesB</i> gene was not found. Twelve toxigenic profiles were determined by the detection of toxin genes, and the most frequent profiles harbored all enterotoxin genes. A broad genomic diversity was detected according to GTG<sub>5</sub>-PCR fingerprinting results with 76 <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> grouped in sixteen clusters and the 22 isolates clustering separately. No relationship was observed between genomic background and toxigenic profiles. In general, the results showed a high genomic and enterotoxigenic diversity in <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> found in cassava starch. These results should incentive future studies to understand the distribution of <i>B. cereus s.l.</i> isolated on raw materials in comparison with finished products.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/131cassava starch<i>Bacillus cereus</i>enterotoxinemetic toxintoxigenic diversitygenomic heterogeneity |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer Sánchez-Chica Margarita M. Correa Angel E. Aceves-Diez Laura M. Castañeda-Sandoval Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch Toxins cassava starch <i>Bacillus cereus</i> enterotoxin emetic toxin toxigenic diversity genomic heterogeneity |
| title | Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch |
| title_full | Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch |
| title_fullStr | Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch |
| title_short | Enterotoxin Gene Distribution and Genotypes of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> <i>sensu lato</i> Isolated from Cassava Starch |
| title_sort | enterotoxin gene distribution and genotypes of i bacillus cereus i i sensu lato i isolated from cassava starch |
| topic | cassava starch <i>Bacillus cereus</i> enterotoxin emetic toxin toxigenic diversity genomic heterogeneity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/131 |
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