Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory
The future singularities are possible in a universe that is described by F(R) theory. In previous studies the occurrence of the singularities in F(R) theory have been considered by using a special function for the Hubble parameter and calculating the F(R) function for each of the singularities. Usin...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Isfahan University of Technology
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Physics Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ijpr.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-680&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| _version_ | 1818847692545064960 |
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| author | M Aghaei Abchouyeh B Mirza H Nadi |
| author_facet | M Aghaei Abchouyeh B Mirza H Nadi |
| author_sort | M Aghaei Abchouyeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The future singularities are possible in a universe that is described by F(R) theory. In previous studies the occurrence of the singularities in F(R) theory have been considered by using a special function for the Hubble parameter and calculating the F(R) function for each of the singularities. Using the specified Hubble parameter causes some difficulties in the study of the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper by using the scale factor, the behavior of F(R) function near each type of the singularities is considered. We can check the validity of the second law of thermodynamics near the singularities. At first we study the Little Rip and then the other types of singularities are considered. The results show that the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied near the singularity type (I) with some special conditions and is violated with some other conditions. it is satisfied near the Little Rip, type (II), (III) and (IV) singularities |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:05:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8c5c1522a4e492b81c827b3b5772109 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1682-6957 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:05:29Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Isfahan University of Technology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Physics Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8c5c1522a4e492b81c827b3b57721092022-12-21T20:33:10ZengIsfahan University of TechnologyIranian Journal of Physics Research1682-69572015-01-01144293303Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theoryM Aghaei Abchouyeh0B Mirza1H Nadi2 Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran The future singularities are possible in a universe that is described by F(R) theory. In previous studies the occurrence of the singularities in F(R) theory have been considered by using a special function for the Hubble parameter and calculating the F(R) function for each of the singularities. Using the specified Hubble parameter causes some difficulties in the study of the second law of thermodynamics. In this paper by using the scale factor, the behavior of F(R) function near each type of the singularities is considered. We can check the validity of the second law of thermodynamics near the singularities. At first we study the Little Rip and then the other types of singularities are considered. The results show that the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied near the singularity type (I) with some special conditions and is violated with some other conditions. it is satisfied near the Little Rip, type (II), (III) and (IV) singularitieshttp://ijpr.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-680&slc_lang=en&sid=1neutron F(R) gravitational theory future singularities of the universe |
| spellingShingle | M Aghaei Abchouyeh B Mirza H Nadi Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory Iranian Journal of Physics Research neutron F(R) gravitational theory future singularities of the universe |
| title | Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory |
| title_full | Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory |
| title_short | Investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe, and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in F(R) theory |
| title_sort | investigating the little rip and other future singularities of the universe and validity of the second law of thermodynamics in f r theory |
| topic | neutron F(R) gravitational theory future singularities of the universe |
| url | http://ijpr.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-680&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
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