Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance
To achieve net-zero iron and steel production by 2050, many iron and steel producers are turning to direct reduced iron (DRI)—electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production as an opportunity to achieve significant CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reductions relative to current levels. However, addi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5219 |
| _version_ | 1797433619745079296 |
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| author | Nicole Bond Robert Symonds Robin Hughes |
| author_facet | Nicole Bond Robert Symonds Robin Hughes |
| author_sort | Nicole Bond |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To achieve net-zero iron and steel production by 2050, many iron and steel producers are turning to direct reduced iron (DRI)—electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production as an opportunity to achieve significant CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reductions relative to current levels. However, additional innovations are required to close the gap between DRI and net-zero steel. Pressurized chemical looping-DRI (PCL-DRI) is a novel technology explored to meet this target, in which the reformer firebox and fired process gas heaters are replaced with PCL combustion units. Captured CO<sub>2</sub> is conditioned and compressed for pipeline transportation and storage/utilization. The performance of two different PCL-DRI configurations relative to traditional DRI processes was explored via process simulation: a Midrex-type process and an Energiron-type process. The PCL-DRI processes were shown to have equivalent or lesser total fuel consumption (8% reduction) compared to the base cases, and greater process water production (170–260% increase), with minimal or no loss in thermal efficiency. PCL-DRI is a strong competitor to alternative methods of reaching net-zero DRI due to lower energy penalties for carbon capture, no required changes to stream chemistry in or out of the EAF, and no requirement for hydrogen infrastructure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:19:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8d61de513284527a2dc2fb88bdbc9fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:19:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8d61de513284527a2dc2fb88bdbc9fc2023-12-01T22:07:29ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-07-011514521910.3390/en15145219Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and PerformanceNicole Bond0Robert Symonds1Robin Hughes2Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY-Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1, CanadaNatural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY-Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1, CanadaNatural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY-Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 1M1, CanadaTo achieve net-zero iron and steel production by 2050, many iron and steel producers are turning to direct reduced iron (DRI)—electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production as an opportunity to achieve significant CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reductions relative to current levels. However, additional innovations are required to close the gap between DRI and net-zero steel. Pressurized chemical looping-DRI (PCL-DRI) is a novel technology explored to meet this target, in which the reformer firebox and fired process gas heaters are replaced with PCL combustion units. Captured CO<sub>2</sub> is conditioned and compressed for pipeline transportation and storage/utilization. The performance of two different PCL-DRI configurations relative to traditional DRI processes was explored via process simulation: a Midrex-type process and an Energiron-type process. The PCL-DRI processes were shown to have equivalent or lesser total fuel consumption (8% reduction) compared to the base cases, and greater process water production (170–260% increase), with minimal or no loss in thermal efficiency. PCL-DRI is a strong competitor to alternative methods of reaching net-zero DRI due to lower energy penalties for carbon capture, no required changes to stream chemistry in or out of the EAF, and no requirement for hydrogen infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5219pressurized chemical looping combustionsyngas productioncarbon neutral ironmakingdirect reduced ironCO<sub>2</sub> capturedecarbonization |
| spellingShingle | Nicole Bond Robert Symonds Robin Hughes Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance Energies pressurized chemical looping combustion syngas production carbon neutral ironmaking direct reduced iron CO<sub>2</sub> capture decarbonization |
| title | Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance |
| title_full | Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance |
| title_fullStr | Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance |
| title_short | Pressurized Chemical Looping for Direct Reduced Iron Production: Carbon Neutral Process Configuration and Performance |
| title_sort | pressurized chemical looping for direct reduced iron production carbon neutral process configuration and performance |
| topic | pressurized chemical looping combustion syngas production carbon neutral ironmaking direct reduced iron CO<sub>2</sub> capture decarbonization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5219 |
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