Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation
Apolipoprotein (apo) E stands out among plasma apolipoproteins through its unprecedented ability to protect against atherosclerosis. Although best recognized for its ability to mediate plasma lipoprotein clearance in the liver and protect against macrophage foam cell formation, our recent understand...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/5/2/30 |
| _version_ | 1831693355806883840 |
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| author | Laura Bouchareychas Robert L. Raffai |
| author_facet | Laura Bouchareychas Robert L. Raffai |
| author_sort | Laura Bouchareychas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apolipoprotein (apo) E stands out among plasma apolipoproteins through its unprecedented ability to protect against atherosclerosis. Although best recognized for its ability to mediate plasma lipoprotein clearance in the liver and protect against macrophage foam cell formation, our recent understanding of the influence that apoE can exert to control atherosclerosis has significantly widened. Among apoE’s newfound athero-protective properties include an ability to control exaggerated hematopoiesis, blood monocyte activation and aortic stiffening in mice with hyperlipidemia. Mechanisms responsible for these exciting new properties extend beyond apoE’s ability to prevent cellular lipid excess. Rather, new findings have revealed a role for apoE in regulating microRNA-controlled cellular signaling in cells of the immune system and vascular wall. Remarkably, infusions of apoE-responsive microRNA mimics were shown to substitute for apoE in protecting against systemic and vascular inflammation to suppress atherosclerosis in mice with hyperlipidemia. Finally, more recent evidence suggests that apoE may control the release of microvesicles that could modulate cellular signaling, inflammation and atherosclerosis at a distance. These exciting new findings position apoE within the emerging field of intercellular communication that could introduce new approaches to control atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T12:12:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8d97e07c7c04fcf81a0aa2b3ecabd91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2308-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T12:12:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8d97e07c7c04fcf81a0aa2b3ecabd912022-12-21T19:41:13ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252018-05-01523010.3390/jcdd5020030jcdd5020030Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of InflammationLaura Bouchareychas0Robert L. Raffai1Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco & Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USADepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco & Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USAApolipoprotein (apo) E stands out among plasma apolipoproteins through its unprecedented ability to protect against atherosclerosis. Although best recognized for its ability to mediate plasma lipoprotein clearance in the liver and protect against macrophage foam cell formation, our recent understanding of the influence that apoE can exert to control atherosclerosis has significantly widened. Among apoE’s newfound athero-protective properties include an ability to control exaggerated hematopoiesis, blood monocyte activation and aortic stiffening in mice with hyperlipidemia. Mechanisms responsible for these exciting new properties extend beyond apoE’s ability to prevent cellular lipid excess. Rather, new findings have revealed a role for apoE in regulating microRNA-controlled cellular signaling in cells of the immune system and vascular wall. Remarkably, infusions of apoE-responsive microRNA mimics were shown to substitute for apoE in protecting against systemic and vascular inflammation to suppress atherosclerosis in mice with hyperlipidemia. Finally, more recent evidence suggests that apoE may control the release of microvesicles that could modulate cellular signaling, inflammation and atherosclerosis at a distance. These exciting new findings position apoE within the emerging field of intercellular communication that could introduce new approaches to control atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease.http://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/5/2/30apolipoprotein EhyperlipidemiaatherosclerosisinflammationmicroRNA |
| spellingShingle | Laura Bouchareychas Robert L. Raffai Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease apolipoprotein E hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis inflammation microRNA |
| title | Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation |
| title_full | Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation |
| title_short | Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: From Lipoprotein Metabolism to MicroRNA Control of Inflammation |
| title_sort | apolipoprotein e and atherosclerosis from lipoprotein metabolism to microrna control of inflammation |
| topic | apolipoprotein E hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis inflammation microRNA |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/5/2/30 |
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