The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group
Ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) are attractive candidates to probe cosmological models and test theories of galaxy formation at low masses; however, they are difficult to detect because of their low surface brightness. In the Local Group a handful of UDGs have been found to date, most of which are sate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc2bb |
| _version_ | 1797701413799723008 |
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| author | Oliver Newton Arianna Di Cintio Salvador Cardona–Barrero Noam I. Libeskind Yehuda Hoffman Alexander Knebe Jenny G. Sorce Matthias Steinmetz Elmo Tempel |
| author_facet | Oliver Newton Arianna Di Cintio Salvador Cardona–Barrero Noam I. Libeskind Yehuda Hoffman Alexander Knebe Jenny G. Sorce Matthias Steinmetz Elmo Tempel |
| author_sort | Oliver Newton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) are attractive candidates to probe cosmological models and test theories of galaxy formation at low masses; however, they are difficult to detect because of their low surface brightness. In the Local Group a handful of UDGs have been found to date, most of which are satellites of the Milky Way and M31, and only two are isolated galaxies. It is unclear whether so few UDGs are expected. We address this by studying the population of UDGs formed in hydrodynamic constrained simulations of the Local Group from the HESTIA suite. For a Local Group with a total enclosed mass M _LG ( < 2.5 Mpc) = 8 × 10 ^12 M _⊙ , we predict that there are 12 ± 3 isolated UDGs (68% confidence) with stellar masses 10 ^6 ≤ M _* /M _⊙ < 10 ^9 , and effective radii R _e ≥ 1.5 kpc, within 2.5 Mpc of the Local Group, of which ${2}_{-1}^{+2}$ (68% confidence) are detectable in the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Accounting for survey incompleteness, we find that almost the entire population of UDGs in the Local Group field would be observable in a future all-sky survey with a depth similar to the SDSS, the Dark Energy Survey, or the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. Our results suggest that there is a population of UDGs in the Local Group awaiting discovery. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:35:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8dc9889275845d58b84d3223754accf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:35:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8dc9889275845d58b84d3223754accf2023-09-03T09:56:31ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019462L3710.3847/2041-8213/acc2bbThe Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local GroupOliver Newton0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-9507Arianna Di Cintio1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-1943Salvador Cardona–Barrero2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-4055Noam I. Libeskind3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-0016Yehuda Hoffman4Alexander Knebe5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4066-8307Jenny G. Sorce6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-2432Matthias Steinmetz7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-7459Elmo Tempel8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-7018Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , al. Lotników 32/46 Warsaw, Poland; Univ. Lyon , Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, IMR 5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, FranceUniversidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Calle Via Láctea s/n, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainUniversidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Calle Via Láctea s/n, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainUniv. Lyon , Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3, IMR 5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyRacah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University , Jerusalem, 91904, IsraelDepartamento de Física Teórica, Módulo 15, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental (CIAFF), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain; International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, AustraliaLeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany; Univ. Lille , CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Paris-Saclay , CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, FranceLeibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam , An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, GermanyTartu Observatory, University of Tartu , Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences , 10130 Kohtu 6, Tallinn, EstoniaUltradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) are attractive candidates to probe cosmological models and test theories of galaxy formation at low masses; however, they are difficult to detect because of their low surface brightness. In the Local Group a handful of UDGs have been found to date, most of which are satellites of the Milky Way and M31, and only two are isolated galaxies. It is unclear whether so few UDGs are expected. We address this by studying the population of UDGs formed in hydrodynamic constrained simulations of the Local Group from the HESTIA suite. For a Local Group with a total enclosed mass M _LG ( < 2.5 Mpc) = 8 × 10 ^12 M _⊙ , we predict that there are 12 ± 3 isolated UDGs (68% confidence) with stellar masses 10 ^6 ≤ M _* /M _⊙ < 10 ^9 , and effective radii R _e ≥ 1.5 kpc, within 2.5 Mpc of the Local Group, of which ${2}_{-1}^{+2}$ (68% confidence) are detectable in the footprint of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Accounting for survey incompleteness, we find that almost the entire population of UDGs in the Local Group field would be observable in a future all-sky survey with a depth similar to the SDSS, the Dark Energy Survey, or the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. Our results suggest that there is a population of UDGs in the Local Group awaiting discovery.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc2bbDwarf galaxiesGalaxy formationGalaxy interactionsLocal GroupLow surface brightness galaxiesLuminosity function |
| spellingShingle | Oliver Newton Arianna Di Cintio Salvador Cardona–Barrero Noam I. Libeskind Yehuda Hoffman Alexander Knebe Jenny G. Sorce Matthias Steinmetz Elmo Tempel The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group The Astrophysical Journal Letters Dwarf galaxies Galaxy formation Galaxy interactions Local Group Low surface brightness galaxies Luminosity function |
| title | The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group |
| title_full | The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group |
| title_fullStr | The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group |
| title_short | The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group |
| title_sort | undiscovered ultradiffuse galaxies of the local group |
| topic | Dwarf galaxies Galaxy formation Galaxy interactions Local Group Low surface brightness galaxies Luminosity function |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc2bb |
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