<i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense
Endosymbionts play an essential role in the biology, physiology and immunity of insects. Many insects, including the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>, are infected with the facultative endosymbiont <i>Rickettsia</i>. However, the mutualism between <i>Rickettsia</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/12/1161 |
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| author | Ze-Yun Fan Yuan Liu Zi-Qi He Qin Wen Xin-Yi Chen Muhammad Musa Khan Mohamed Osman Nasser Said Mandour Bao-Li Qiu |
| author_facet | Ze-Yun Fan Yuan Liu Zi-Qi He Qin Wen Xin-Yi Chen Muhammad Musa Khan Mohamed Osman Nasser Said Mandour Bao-Li Qiu |
| author_sort | Ze-Yun Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endosymbionts play an essential role in the biology, physiology and immunity of insects. Many insects, including the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>, are infected with the facultative endosymbiont <i>Rickettsia</i>. However, the mutualism between <i>Rickettsia</i> and its whitefly host remains unclear. This study investigated the biological and physiological benefits of <i>Rickettsia</i> infection to <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i>. Results revealed that infection of <i>Rickettsia</i> increased the fertility, the survival rate from nymph to adult and the number of female whiteflies. In addition, this facilitation caused a significant reduction in nymphal developmental duration but did not affect percentage rate of egg hatching. <i>Rickettsia</i> infected <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> had significantly higher glycogen, soluble sugar and trehalose contents than <i>Rickettsia</i> negative <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> individuals. <i>Rickettsia</i> also improved the immunity of its whitefly hosts. <i>Rickettsia</i> infested <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> had lower mortality rates and higher semi-lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) when exposed to the fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> and the insecticides imidacloprid and spirotetramat. The percentage of parasitism by <i>Encarsia formosa</i> was also reduced by <i>Rickettsia</i> infection. Overall, <i>Rickettsia</i> infection benefits <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> by improving the nutritional composition of its host, and also protects <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> by enhancing its resistance towards insecticides (imidacloprid and spirotetramat), entomopathogenic fungi (<i>A</i>. <i>attenuatus</i>) and its main parasitoid (<i>E. formosa</i>); all of which could significantly impact on current management strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:18:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8e131a337c6468a91ec5f17e92ac65d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:18:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8e131a337c6468a91ec5f17e92ac65d2023-11-24T15:40:11ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-12-011312116110.3390/insects13121161<i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and DefenseZe-Yun Fan0Yuan Liu1Zi-Qi He2Qin Wen3Xin-Yi Chen4Muhammad Musa Khan5Mohamed Osman6Nasser Said Mandour7Bao-Li Qiu8Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaEndosymbionts play an essential role in the biology, physiology and immunity of insects. Many insects, including the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>, are infected with the facultative endosymbiont <i>Rickettsia</i>. However, the mutualism between <i>Rickettsia</i> and its whitefly host remains unclear. This study investigated the biological and physiological benefits of <i>Rickettsia</i> infection to <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i>. Results revealed that infection of <i>Rickettsia</i> increased the fertility, the survival rate from nymph to adult and the number of female whiteflies. In addition, this facilitation caused a significant reduction in nymphal developmental duration but did not affect percentage rate of egg hatching. <i>Rickettsia</i> infected <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> had significantly higher glycogen, soluble sugar and trehalose contents than <i>Rickettsia</i> negative <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> individuals. <i>Rickettsia</i> also improved the immunity of its whitefly hosts. <i>Rickettsia</i> infested <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> had lower mortality rates and higher semi-lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) when exposed to the fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> and the insecticides imidacloprid and spirotetramat. The percentage of parasitism by <i>Encarsia formosa</i> was also reduced by <i>Rickettsia</i> infection. Overall, <i>Rickettsia</i> infection benefits <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> by improving the nutritional composition of its host, and also protects <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i> by enhancing its resistance towards insecticides (imidacloprid and spirotetramat), entomopathogenic fungi (<i>A</i>. <i>attenuatus</i>) and its main parasitoid (<i>E. formosa</i>); all of which could significantly impact on current management strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/12/1161<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>endosymbiontentomopathogenic fungusparasitoidinsecticide |
| spellingShingle | Ze-Yun Fan Yuan Liu Zi-Qi He Qin Wen Xin-Yi Chen Muhammad Musa Khan Mohamed Osman Nasser Said Mandour Bao-Li Qiu <i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense Insects <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> endosymbiont entomopathogenic fungus parasitoid insecticide |
| title | <i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense |
| title_full | <i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense |
| title_fullStr | <i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense |
| title_short | <i>Rickettsia</i> Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense |
| title_sort | i rickettsia i infection benefits its whitefly hosts by manipulating their nutrition and defense |
| topic | <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> endosymbiont entomopathogenic fungus parasitoid insecticide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/12/1161 |
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