Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults
The Omega-3 Index (O3I) reflects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in erythrocytes. While the O3I is associated with numerous health outcomes, its widespread use is limited. We investigated whether urinary metabolites could be used to non-invasively monitor the O3I i...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1071 |
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| author | Brittany C. MacIntyre Meera Shanmuganathan Shannon L. Klingel Zachary Kroezen Erick Helmeczi Na-Yung Seoh Vanessa Martinez Adrian Chabowski Zeny Feng Philip Britz-McKibbin David M. Mutch |
| author_facet | Brittany C. MacIntyre Meera Shanmuganathan Shannon L. Klingel Zachary Kroezen Erick Helmeczi Na-Yung Seoh Vanessa Martinez Adrian Chabowski Zeny Feng Philip Britz-McKibbin David M. Mutch |
| author_sort | Brittany C. MacIntyre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Omega-3 Index (O3I) reflects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in erythrocytes. While the O3I is associated with numerous health outcomes, its widespread use is limited. We investigated whether urinary metabolites could be used to non-invasively monitor the O3I in an exploratory analysis of a previous placebo-controlled, parallel arm randomized clinical trial in males and females (<i>n</i> = 88) who consumed either ~3 g/d olive oil (OO; control), EPA, or DHA for 12 weeks. Fasted blood and first-void urine samples were collected at baseline and following supplementation, and they were analyzed via gas chromatography and multisegment injection–capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS), respectively. We tentatively identified <i>S</i>-carboxypropylcysteamine (CPCA) as a novel urinary biomarker reflecting O3I status, which increased following both EPA and DHA (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but not OO supplementation, and was positively correlated to the O3I (R = 0.30, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, an unknown dianion increased following DHA supplementation, but not EPA or OO. In ROC curve analyses, CPCA outperformed all other urinary metabolites in distinguishing both between OO and EPA or DHA supplementation groups (AUC > 80.0%), whereas the unknown dianion performed best in discriminating OO from DHA alone (AUC = 93.6%). Candidate urinary biomarkers of the O3I were identified that lay the foundation for a non-invasive assessment of omega-3 status. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:03:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8e4897cd64c4913a62d68856c4b16632023-11-19T17:20:03ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-10-011310107110.3390/metabo13101071Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young AdultsBrittany C. MacIntyre0Meera Shanmuganathan1Shannon L. Klingel2Zachary Kroezen3Erick Helmeczi4Na-Yung Seoh5Vanessa Martinez6Adrian Chabowski7Zeny Feng8Philip Britz-McKibbin9David M. Mutch10Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3W3, CanadaDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3W3, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3W3, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3W3, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3W3, CanadaDepartment of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 3W3, CanadaDepartment of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaThe Omega-3 Index (O3I) reflects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in erythrocytes. While the O3I is associated with numerous health outcomes, its widespread use is limited. We investigated whether urinary metabolites could be used to non-invasively monitor the O3I in an exploratory analysis of a previous placebo-controlled, parallel arm randomized clinical trial in males and females (<i>n</i> = 88) who consumed either ~3 g/d olive oil (OO; control), EPA, or DHA for 12 weeks. Fasted blood and first-void urine samples were collected at baseline and following supplementation, and they were analyzed via gas chromatography and multisegment injection–capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS), respectively. We tentatively identified <i>S</i>-carboxypropylcysteamine (CPCA) as a novel urinary biomarker reflecting O3I status, which increased following both EPA and DHA (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but not OO supplementation, and was positively correlated to the O3I (R = 0.30, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, an unknown dianion increased following DHA supplementation, but not EPA or OO. In ROC curve analyses, CPCA outperformed all other urinary metabolites in distinguishing both between OO and EPA or DHA supplementation groups (AUC > 80.0%), whereas the unknown dianion performed best in discriminating OO from DHA alone (AUC = 93.6%). Candidate urinary biomarkers of the O3I were identified that lay the foundation for a non-invasive assessment of omega-3 status.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1071precision nutritionmetabolomicsomega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFA)omega-3 indexdietary biomarkersurinary metabolites |
| spellingShingle | Brittany C. MacIntyre Meera Shanmuganathan Shannon L. Klingel Zachary Kroezen Erick Helmeczi Na-Yung Seoh Vanessa Martinez Adrian Chabowski Zeny Feng Philip Britz-McKibbin David M. Mutch Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults Metabolites precision nutrition metabolomics omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFA) omega-3 index dietary biomarkers urinary metabolites |
| title | Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults |
| title_full | Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults |
| title_short | Urinary Metabolite Profiling to Non-Invasively Monitor the Omega-3 Index: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial in Young Adults |
| title_sort | urinary metabolite profiling to non invasively monitor the omega 3 index an exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial in young adults |
| topic | precision nutrition metabolomics omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFA) omega-3 index dietary biomarkers urinary metabolites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1071 |
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