Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies
Thin films of tin (II) sulfide (SnS) were deposited onto a 500 µm thick copper substrate by a chemical bath method. The effect of sodium (Na) doping in these films was studied. The synthesis of the films was performed at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 °C for 5 min. The microstructure of the SnS film...
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| author | Anna Komenda Marek Wojnicki Dzmitry Kharytonau Grzegorz Mordarski Edit Csapó Robert P. Socha |
| author_facet | Anna Komenda Marek Wojnicki Dzmitry Kharytonau Grzegorz Mordarski Edit Csapó Robert P. Socha |
| author_sort | Anna Komenda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thin films of tin (II) sulfide (SnS) were deposited onto a 500 µm thick copper substrate by a chemical bath method. The effect of sodium (Na) doping in these films was studied. The synthesis of the films was performed at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 °C for 5 min. The microstructure of the SnS films analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a compact morphology of the films deposited at 80 °C. The edges of the SnS grains were rounded off with the addition of a commercial surfactant. The thickness of different SnS layers deposited on the copper substrate was found to be 230 nm from spectroscopic ellipsometry and cross-section analysis using SEM. The deposition parameters such as temperature, surfactant addition, and sodium doping time did not affect the thickness of the layers. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the size of the SnS crystallites was found to be around 44 nm. Depending on the process conditions, Na doping affects the size of the crystallites in different ways. A study of the conductivity of SnS films provides a specific conductivity value of 0.3 S. The energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) equipped with the SEM revealed the Sn:S stoichiometry of the film to be 1:1, which was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The determined band-gap of SnS is equal to 1.27 eV and is in good agreement with the literature data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:53:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8e48f0bf7744852931ee0b949ccba0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:53:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8e48f0bf7744852931ee0b949ccba0d2023-11-18T20:16:44ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011614501910.3390/ma16145019Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical StudiesAnna Komenda0Marek Wojnicki1Dzmitry Kharytonau2Grzegorz Mordarski3Edit Csapó4Robert P. Socha5Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandCBRTP SA Research and Development Center of Technology for Industry, Ludwika Waryńskiego 3A, 00-645 Warszawa, PolandCBRTP SA Research and Development Center of Technology for Industry, Ludwika Waryńskiego 3A, 00-645 Warszawa, PolandMTA-SZTE “Lendület” Momentum Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. Sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, HungaryCBRTP SA Research and Development Center of Technology for Industry, Ludwika Waryńskiego 3A, 00-645 Warszawa, PolandThin films of tin (II) sulfide (SnS) were deposited onto a 500 µm thick copper substrate by a chemical bath method. The effect of sodium (Na) doping in these films was studied. The synthesis of the films was performed at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 °C for 5 min. The microstructure of the SnS films analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a compact morphology of the films deposited at 80 °C. The edges of the SnS grains were rounded off with the addition of a commercial surfactant. The thickness of different SnS layers deposited on the copper substrate was found to be 230 nm from spectroscopic ellipsometry and cross-section analysis using SEM. The deposition parameters such as temperature, surfactant addition, and sodium doping time did not affect the thickness of the layers. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the size of the SnS crystallites was found to be around 44 nm. Depending on the process conditions, Na doping affects the size of the crystallites in different ways. A study of the conductivity of SnS films provides a specific conductivity value of 0.3 S. The energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) equipped with the SEM revealed the Sn:S stoichiometry of the film to be 1:1, which was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The determined band-gap of SnS is equal to 1.27 eV and is in good agreement with the literature data.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/14/5019thin filmssynthesisconductivitysolar panelphotovoltaics |
| spellingShingle | Anna Komenda Marek Wojnicki Dzmitry Kharytonau Grzegorz Mordarski Edit Csapó Robert P. Socha Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies Materials thin films synthesis conductivity solar panel photovoltaics |
| title | Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies |
| title_full | Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies |
| title_fullStr | Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies |
| title_short | Deposition of Thin Electroconductive Layers of Tin (II) Sulfide on the Copper Surface Using the Hydrometallurgical Method: Electrical and Optical Studies |
| title_sort | deposition of thin electroconductive layers of tin ii sulfide on the copper surface using the hydrometallurgical method electrical and optical studies |
| topic | thin films synthesis conductivity solar panel photovoltaics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/14/5019 |
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