Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review
Autologous biologics, defined as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC), are cell-based therapy treatment options in regenerative medicine practices, and have been increasingly used in orthopedics, sports medicine, and spinal disorders. These biological products are pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Regenerative Therapy |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352320419300033 |
| _version_ | 1817995450467221504 |
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| author | Peter A. Everts Gerard A. Malanga Rowan V. Paul Joshua B. Rothenberg Natalie Stephens Kenneth R. Mautner |
| author_facet | Peter A. Everts Gerard A. Malanga Rowan V. Paul Joshua B. Rothenberg Natalie Stephens Kenneth R. Mautner |
| author_sort | Peter A. Everts |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autologous biologics, defined as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC), are cell-based therapy treatment options in regenerative medicine practices, and have been increasingly used in orthopedics, sports medicine, and spinal disorders. These biological products are produced at point-of-care; thereby, avoiding expensive and cumbersome culturing and expansion techniques.Numerous commercial PRP and BMC systems are available but reports and knowledge of bio-cellular formulations produced by these systems are limited. This limited information hinders evaluating clinical and research outcomes and thus making conclusions about their biological effectiveness. Some of their important cellular and protein properties have not been characterized, which is critical for understanding the mechanisms of actions involved in tissue regenerative processes. The presence and role of red blood cells (RBCs) in any biologic has not been addressed extensively. Furthermore, some of the pathophysiological effects and phenomena related to RBCs have not been studied. A lack of a complete understanding of all of the biological components and their functional consequences hampers the development of clinical standards for any biological preparation.This paper aims to review the clinical implications and pathophysiological effects of RBCs in PRP and BMC; emphasizes hemolysis, eryptosis, and the release of macrophage inhibitory factor; and explains several effects on the microenvironment, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, and impaired cell metabolism. Keywords: Platelet-rich plasma, Bone marrow mesenchymal cells, Plasma free hemoglobin, Eryptosis, Macrophage migration inhibitor factor, Oxidative stress, Inflammation |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:07:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8ef9745b64f440fa9bb016c4f9d971a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-3204 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:07:18Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Regenerative Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8ef9745b64f440fa9bb016c4f9d971a2022-12-22T02:18:39ZengElsevierRegenerative Therapy2352-32042019-12-01115664Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A reviewPeter A. Everts0Gerard A. Malanga1Rowan V. Paul2Joshua B. Rothenberg3Natalie Stephens4Kenneth R. Mautner5Gulf Coast Biologics, Scientific and Research Department, Fort Myers, FL, USA; Corresponding author. Gulf Coast Biologics, 6900 Daniels Pkwy, Suite #29-282, Fort Myers, FL 33912, USA.New Jersey Regenerative Institute LLC, Cedar Knolls, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USACalifornia Pacific Orthopedics, San Francisco, CA, USA; California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USABoca Raton Regional Hospital, Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics Biologic Department, Boca Raton, FL, USA; BocaCare Orthopedics, Boca Raton, FL, USABiosciences Research Associates, Cambridge, MA, USAEmory University, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Atlanta GA, USA; Emory University, Department of Orthopedics, Atlanta GA, USAAutologous biologics, defined as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC), are cell-based therapy treatment options in regenerative medicine practices, and have been increasingly used in orthopedics, sports medicine, and spinal disorders. These biological products are produced at point-of-care; thereby, avoiding expensive and cumbersome culturing and expansion techniques.Numerous commercial PRP and BMC systems are available but reports and knowledge of bio-cellular formulations produced by these systems are limited. This limited information hinders evaluating clinical and research outcomes and thus making conclusions about their biological effectiveness. Some of their important cellular and protein properties have not been characterized, which is critical for understanding the mechanisms of actions involved in tissue regenerative processes. The presence and role of red blood cells (RBCs) in any biologic has not been addressed extensively. Furthermore, some of the pathophysiological effects and phenomena related to RBCs have not been studied. A lack of a complete understanding of all of the biological components and their functional consequences hampers the development of clinical standards for any biological preparation.This paper aims to review the clinical implications and pathophysiological effects of RBCs in PRP and BMC; emphasizes hemolysis, eryptosis, and the release of macrophage inhibitory factor; and explains several effects on the microenvironment, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, and impaired cell metabolism. Keywords: Platelet-rich plasma, Bone marrow mesenchymal cells, Plasma free hemoglobin, Eryptosis, Macrophage migration inhibitor factor, Oxidative stress, Inflammationhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352320419300033 |
| spellingShingle | Peter A. Everts Gerard A. Malanga Rowan V. Paul Joshua B. Rothenberg Natalie Stephens Kenneth R. Mautner Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review Regenerative Therapy |
| title | Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review |
| title_full | Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review |
| title_fullStr | Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review |
| title_short | Assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies. A review |
| title_sort | assessing clinical implications and perspectives of the pathophysiological effects of erythrocytes and plasma free hemoglobin in autologous biologics for use in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine therapies a review |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352320419300033 |
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