Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla
ObjectiveTo determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models.Methods1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828/full |
| _version_ | 1797650159888236544 |
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| author | Ivan Tkáč Tiankai Xie Nitya Shah Sarah Larson Janet M. Dubinsky Rocio Gomez-Pastor Hayley S. McLoughlin Harry T. Orr Lynn E. Eberly Lynn E. Eberly Gülin Öz |
| author_facet | Ivan Tkáč Tiankai Xie Nitya Shah Sarah Larson Janet M. Dubinsky Rocio Gomez-Pastor Hayley S. McLoughlin Harry T. Orr Lynn E. Eberly Lynn E. Eberly Gülin Öz |
| author_sort | Ivan Tkáč |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models.Methods1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or related genetic backgrounds in seven prior studies were used in this retrospective analysis. To be included, data had to be collected at 9.4 tesla magnetic field using advanced 1H MRS protocols, with isoflurane anesthesia and similar animal handling protocols, and a similar number of datasets from male and female mice had to be available for the brain regions analyzed. Overall, 155 spectra from female mice and 166 spectra from male mice (321 in total), collected from six brain regions (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) at various ages were included.ResultsConcentrations of taurine, total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine), ascorbate, glucose and glutamate were consistently higher in male vs. female mice in most brain regions. Striatum was an exception with similar total creatine in male and female mice. The sex difference pattern in the hypothalamus was notably different from other regions. Interaction between sex and age was significant for total creatine and taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus.ConclusionSex differences in regional neurochemical levels are small but significant and age-dependent, with consistent male–female differences across most brain regions. The neuroendocrine region hypothalamus displays a different pattern of sex differences in neurochemical levels. Differences in energy metabolism and cellular density may underlie the differences, with higher metabolic rates in females and higher osmoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in males. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:56:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8f8c098ce7d462c978a9332d847edce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:56:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8f8c098ce7d462c978a9332d847edce2023-10-25T10:40:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-10-011710.3389/fnins.2023.12788281278828Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 teslaIvan Tkáč0Tiankai Xie1Nitya Shah2Sarah Larson3Janet M. Dubinsky4Rocio Gomez-Pastor5Hayley S. McLoughlin6Harry T. Orr7Lynn E. Eberly8Lynn E. Eberly9Gülin Öz10Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesObjectiveTo determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models.Methods1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or related genetic backgrounds in seven prior studies were used in this retrospective analysis. To be included, data had to be collected at 9.4 tesla magnetic field using advanced 1H MRS protocols, with isoflurane anesthesia and similar animal handling protocols, and a similar number of datasets from male and female mice had to be available for the brain regions analyzed. Overall, 155 spectra from female mice and 166 spectra from male mice (321 in total), collected from six brain regions (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) at various ages were included.ResultsConcentrations of taurine, total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine), ascorbate, glucose and glutamate were consistently higher in male vs. female mice in most brain regions. Striatum was an exception with similar total creatine in male and female mice. The sex difference pattern in the hypothalamus was notably different from other regions. Interaction between sex and age was significant for total creatine and taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus.ConclusionSex differences in regional neurochemical levels are small but significant and age-dependent, with consistent male–female differences across most brain regions. The neuroendocrine region hypothalamus displays a different pattern of sex differences in neurochemical levels. Differences in energy metabolism and cellular density may underlie the differences, with higher metabolic rates in females and higher osmoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in males.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828/fullmetabolitetaurineglucosetotal creatineascorbateglutamate |
| spellingShingle | Ivan Tkáč Tiankai Xie Nitya Shah Sarah Larson Janet M. Dubinsky Rocio Gomez-Pastor Hayley S. McLoughlin Harry T. Orr Lynn E. Eberly Lynn E. Eberly Gülin Öz Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla Frontiers in Neuroscience metabolite taurine glucose total creatine ascorbate glutamate |
| title | Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla |
| title_full | Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla |
| title_fullStr | Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla |
| title_short | Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla |
| title_sort | regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9 4 tesla |
| topic | metabolite taurine glucose total creatine ascorbate glutamate |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828/full |
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