Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder (PD) share underlying neurobiological mechanisms and several clinical features which, with medical comorbidities, may increase misdiagnosis and delay proper treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between clinical/socio-de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/3/491 |
| _version_ | 1797610822291161088 |
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| author | Alice Caldiroli Lia Colzani Enrico Capuzzi Cecilia Quitadamo Davide La Tegola Teresa Surace Stefania Russo Mauro Capetti Silvia Leo Agnese Tringali Matteo Marcatili Francesco Zanelli Quarantini Fabrizia Colmegna Antonios Dakanalis Massimiliano Buoli Massimo Clerici |
| author_facet | Alice Caldiroli Lia Colzani Enrico Capuzzi Cecilia Quitadamo Davide La Tegola Teresa Surace Stefania Russo Mauro Capetti Silvia Leo Agnese Tringali Matteo Marcatili Francesco Zanelli Quarantini Fabrizia Colmegna Antonios Dakanalis Massimiliano Buoli Massimo Clerici |
| author_sort | Alice Caldiroli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder (PD) share underlying neurobiological mechanisms and several clinical features which, with medical comorbidities, may increase misdiagnosis and delay proper treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between clinical/socio-demographic markers and GAD/PD diagnosis. Outpatients (N = 290) with PD or GAD were identified in mental health services in Monza and Milan (Italy). Descriptive analyses and a binary logistic regression model were performed. Post-onset psychiatric (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and medical (<i>p</i> = 0.02) multiple co-morbidities were associated with GAD; treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was associated with PD, while GAD diagnosis was associated with treatment with atypical antipsychotics or GABAergic drugs (<i>p</i> = 0.03), as well as psychodynamic psychotherapy (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Discontinuation of the last pharmacological treatment was associated with GAD diagnosis rather than the PD one (<i>p</i> = 0.02). GAD patients may have a worse prognosis than PD patients because of more frequent multiple co-morbidities, relapses and poorer treatment compliance. The different treatment approaches were consistent with the available literature, while the association between GAD and psychodynamic psychotherapy is an original finding of our study. Further studies on larger samples are necessary to better characterize clinical factors associated with GAD or PD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:19:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b904e1bbda1e4c1f8ac6c7e6171d7188 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:19:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b904e1bbda1e4c1f8ac6c7e6171d71882023-11-17T12:03:05ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-03-0113349110.3390/jpm13030491Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and OutcomeAlice Caldiroli0Lia Colzani1Enrico Capuzzi2Cecilia Quitadamo3Davide La Tegola4Teresa Surace5Stefania Russo6Mauro Capetti7Silvia Leo8Agnese Tringali9Matteo Marcatili10Francesco Zanelli Quarantini11Fabrizia Colmegna12Antonios Dakanalis13Massimiliano Buoli14Massimo Clerici15Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Mental Health and Addiction, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, ItalyGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder (PD) share underlying neurobiological mechanisms and several clinical features which, with medical comorbidities, may increase misdiagnosis and delay proper treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between clinical/socio-demographic markers and GAD/PD diagnosis. Outpatients (N = 290) with PD or GAD were identified in mental health services in Monza and Milan (Italy). Descriptive analyses and a binary logistic regression model were performed. Post-onset psychiatric (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and medical (<i>p</i> = 0.02) multiple co-morbidities were associated with GAD; treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was associated with PD, while GAD diagnosis was associated with treatment with atypical antipsychotics or GABAergic drugs (<i>p</i> = 0.03), as well as psychodynamic psychotherapy (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Discontinuation of the last pharmacological treatment was associated with GAD diagnosis rather than the PD one (<i>p</i> = 0.02). GAD patients may have a worse prognosis than PD patients because of more frequent multiple co-morbidities, relapses and poorer treatment compliance. The different treatment approaches were consistent with the available literature, while the association between GAD and psychodynamic psychotherapy is an original finding of our study. Further studies on larger samples are necessary to better characterize clinical factors associated with GAD or PD.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/3/491generalized anxiety disorderpanic disordercomorbiditieschronicityoutcomeanxiety disorders |
| spellingShingle | Alice Caldiroli Lia Colzani Enrico Capuzzi Cecilia Quitadamo Davide La Tegola Teresa Surace Stefania Russo Mauro Capetti Silvia Leo Agnese Tringali Matteo Marcatili Francesco Zanelli Quarantini Fabrizia Colmegna Antonios Dakanalis Massimiliano Buoli Massimo Clerici Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome Journal of Personalized Medicine generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder comorbidities chronicity outcome anxiety disorders |
| title | Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome |
| title_full | Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome |
| title_short | Clinical Markers of Panic and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Overlapping Symptoms, Different Course and Outcome |
| title_sort | clinical markers of panic and generalized anxiety disorder overlapping symptoms different course and outcome |
| topic | generalized anxiety disorder panic disorder comorbidities chronicity outcome anxiety disorders |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/3/491 |
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