Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru
Recently, a project was initiated in Japan to transport a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>) from Australia to Japan by sea. It is important to understand the sloshing and boil-off that are likely to occur inside an LH<sub>2</sub> tank during marine transportati...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-10-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3694 |
| _version_ | 1811308089532481536 |
|---|---|
| author | Kazuma Maekawa Minoru Takeda Yuuki Miyake Hiroaki Kumakura |
| author_facet | Kazuma Maekawa Minoru Takeda Yuuki Miyake Hiroaki Kumakura |
| author_sort | Kazuma Maekawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, a project was initiated in Japan to transport a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>) from Australia to Japan by sea. It is important to understand the sloshing and boil-off that are likely to occur inside an LH<sub>2</sub> tank during marine transportation by ship, but such characteristics are yet to be experimentally clarified. To do so, we combined the liquid level detected by five 500 mm long external-heating-type magnesium diboride (MgB<sub>2</sub>) level sensors with synchronous measurements of temperature, pressure, ship motion, and acceleration during a zigzag maneuver. During this zigzag maneuver, the pressure of gaseous hydrogen (GH<sub>2</sub>) in the small LH<sub>2</sub> tank increased to roughly 0.67 MPaG/h, and the temperature of the GH<sub>2</sub> in the small LH<sub>2</sub> tank increased at the position of gaseous hydrogen at roughly 1.0 K/min when the maximum rolling angle was 5°; the average rolling and liquid-oscillation periods were 114 and 118 s, respectively, as detected by the MgB<sub>2</sub> level sensors, which therefore detected a long-period LH<sub>2</sub> wave due to the ship’s motion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:17:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b909195843e04518be730ea9eea74b65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:17:01Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b909195843e04518be730ea9eea74b652022-12-22T02:52:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-10-011811369410.3390/s18113694s18113694Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-MaruKazuma Maekawa0Minoru Takeda1Yuuki Miyake2Hiroaki Kumakura3Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, JapanGraduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, JapanGraduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, JapanNational Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, JapanRecently, a project was initiated in Japan to transport a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>) from Australia to Japan by sea. It is important to understand the sloshing and boil-off that are likely to occur inside an LH<sub>2</sub> tank during marine transportation by ship, but such characteristics are yet to be experimentally clarified. To do so, we combined the liquid level detected by five 500 mm long external-heating-type magnesium diboride (MgB<sub>2</sub>) level sensors with synchronous measurements of temperature, pressure, ship motion, and acceleration during a zigzag maneuver. During this zigzag maneuver, the pressure of gaseous hydrogen (GH<sub>2</sub>) in the small LH<sub>2</sub> tank increased to roughly 0.67 MPaG/h, and the temperature of the GH<sub>2</sub> in the small LH<sub>2</sub> tank increased at the position of gaseous hydrogen at roughly 1.0 K/min when the maximum rolling angle was 5°; the average rolling and liquid-oscillation periods were 114 and 118 s, respectively, as detected by the MgB<sub>2</sub> level sensors, which therefore detected a long-period LH<sub>2</sub> wave due to the ship’s motion.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3694MgB<sub>2</sub> liquid hydrogen level sensorsloshingmarine transportation |
| spellingShingle | Kazuma Maekawa Minoru Takeda Yuuki Miyake Hiroaki Kumakura Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru Sensors MgB<sub>2</sub> liquid hydrogen level sensor sloshing marine transportation |
| title | Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru |
| title_full | Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru |
| title_fullStr | Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru |
| title_short | Sloshing Measurements inside a Liquid Hydrogen Tank with External-Heating-Type MgB<sub>2</sub> Level Sensors during Marine Transportation by the Training Ship Fukae-Maru |
| title_sort | sloshing measurements inside a liquid hydrogen tank with external heating type mgb sub 2 sub level sensors during marine transportation by the training ship fukae maru |
| topic | MgB<sub>2</sub> liquid hydrogen level sensor sloshing marine transportation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3694 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kazumamaekawa sloshingmeasurementsinsidealiquidhydrogentankwithexternalheatingtypemgbsub2sublevelsensorsduringmarinetransportationbythetrainingshipfukaemaru AT minorutakeda sloshingmeasurementsinsidealiquidhydrogentankwithexternalheatingtypemgbsub2sublevelsensorsduringmarinetransportationbythetrainingshipfukaemaru AT yuukimiyake sloshingmeasurementsinsidealiquidhydrogentankwithexternalheatingtypemgbsub2sublevelsensorsduringmarinetransportationbythetrainingshipfukaemaru AT hiroakikumakura sloshingmeasurementsinsidealiquidhydrogentankwithexternalheatingtypemgbsub2sublevelsensorsduringmarinetransportationbythetrainingshipfukaemaru |