Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound
We report here on a laser ultrasonic system to indirectly evaluate the preload force of different-frequency piezoelectric bolts. This newly developed system enables us to achieve the goal of non-contact excitation and synchronously collects the laser-induced ultrasonic signal by the combination of a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8665 |
| _version_ | 1827643745803173888 |
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| author | Guanpin Ren Huan Zhan Ziqian Liu Wei Jiang Ru Li Shuang Liu |
| author_facet | Guanpin Ren Huan Zhan Ziqian Liu Wei Jiang Ru Li Shuang Liu |
| author_sort | Guanpin Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report here on a laser ultrasonic system to indirectly evaluate the preload force of different-frequency piezoelectric bolts. This newly developed system enables us to achieve the goal of non-contact excitation and synchronously collects the laser-induced ultrasonic signal by the combination of a smart piezoelectric sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector. A numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed to simulate the propagation and displacement distribution of laser-generated ultrasonic waves along the axial direction. The measured A-scan waveform basically coincided with the counterpart obtained from a theoretical simulation, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed system to measure a bolt. By comparison, a laser spot diameter of 6 mm was the optimal beam diameter for the excitation of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt. The linear relationship between time of flight (TOF) of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and bolt torque was almost independent from the center frequency of the smart bolt. By contrast, a piezoelectric patch centered at 5 MHz was more suitable as an ultrasonic sensor in terms of the nonlinear effects component suppression and linear fitting degree between TOF and torque. The results indicate that the proposed system based on a surface-mounted piezoelectric sensor is a promising system for evaluating the axial preload change of connector and fastener and is an additional potential laser ultrasonic system for nondestructive tests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:01:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b92280bd60a84e8589d7f3808687e0e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:01:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b92280bd60a84e8589d7f3808687e0e22023-11-24T09:53:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012222866510.3390/s22228665Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser UltrasoundGuanpin Ren0Huan Zhan1Ziqian Liu2Wei Jiang3Ru Li4Shuang Liu5Department of Applied Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology of CAEP, Chengdu 610299, ChinaChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology of CAEP, Chengdu 610299, ChinaChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology of CAEP, Chengdu 610299, ChinaChengdu Development Center of Science and Technology of CAEP, Chengdu 610299, ChinaDepartment of Applied Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaWe report here on a laser ultrasonic system to indirectly evaluate the preload force of different-frequency piezoelectric bolts. This newly developed system enables us to achieve the goal of non-contact excitation and synchronously collects the laser-induced ultrasonic signal by the combination of a smart piezoelectric sensor and a magnetically mounted transducer connector. A numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed to simulate the propagation and displacement distribution of laser-generated ultrasonic waves along the axial direction. The measured A-scan waveform basically coincided with the counterpart obtained from a theoretical simulation, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed system to measure a bolt. By comparison, a laser spot diameter of 6 mm was the optimal beam diameter for the excitation of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt. The linear relationship between time of flight (TOF) of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and bolt torque was almost independent from the center frequency of the smart bolt. By contrast, a piezoelectric patch centered at 5 MHz was more suitable as an ultrasonic sensor in terms of the nonlinear effects component suppression and linear fitting degree between TOF and torque. The results indicate that the proposed system based on a surface-mounted piezoelectric sensor is a promising system for evaluating the axial preload change of connector and fastener and is an additional potential laser ultrasonic system for nondestructive tests.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8665laser inspection systembolt preloadintelligent sensorultrasonic TOFnon-destructive testing |
| spellingShingle | Guanpin Ren Huan Zhan Ziqian Liu Wei Jiang Ru Li Shuang Liu Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound Sensors laser inspection system bolt preload intelligent sensor ultrasonic TOF non-destructive testing |
| title | Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound |
| title_full | Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound |
| title_short | Evaluation of Axial Preload in Different-Frequency Smart Bolts by Laser Ultrasound |
| title_sort | evaluation of axial preload in different frequency smart bolts by laser ultrasound |
| topic | laser inspection system bolt preload intelligent sensor ultrasonic TOF non-destructive testing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8665 |
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