Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Compacted Au@16-mph-16/DNA-AMOX (NSi) nanosystems were prepared from amoxicillin (AMOX) and precursor Au@16-mph-16 gold nanoparticles (Ni) using a Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer as a glue. The synthesized nanocarrier was tested on different bacterial strains of <i>Escherichia coli</...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/8/1275 |
| _version_ | 1827730661555830784 |
|---|---|
| author | Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez Elia M. Grueso Alfonso Carbonero Juan Álvarez Márquez Mirian Gordillo Edyta Kuliszewska Rafael Prado-Gotor |
| author_facet | Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez Elia M. Grueso Alfonso Carbonero Juan Álvarez Márquez Mirian Gordillo Edyta Kuliszewska Rafael Prado-Gotor |
| author_sort | Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Compacted Au@16-mph-16/DNA-AMOX (NSi) nanosystems were prepared from amoxicillin (AMOX) and precursor Au@16-mph-16 gold nanoparticles (Ni) using a Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer as a glue. The synthesized nanocarrier was tested on different bacterial strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> to evaluate its effectiveness as an antibiotic as well as its internalization. Synthesis of the nanosystems required previous structural and thermodynamic studies using circular dichroism (CD) and UV-visible techniques to guarantee optimal complex formation and maximal DNA compaction, characteristics which facilitate the correct uptake of the nanocarrier. Two nanocomplexes with different compositions and structures, denoted NS<sub>1</sub> and NS<sub>2</sub>, were prepared, the first involving external Au@16-mph-16 binding and the second partial intercalation. The Ni and NSi nanosystems obtained were characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques to measure their charge, aggregation state and hydrodynamic size, and to verify their presence inside the bacteria. From these studies, it was concluded that the zeta potential values for gold nanoparticles, NS<sub>1</sub>, and NS<sub>2</sub> nanosystems were 67.8, −36.7, and −45.1 mV. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the Au@16-mph-16 gold nanoparticles and NS<sub>2</sub> nanoformulation was found to be 2.6 nm and 69.0 nm, respectively. However, for NS<sub>1</sub> nanoformulation, a bimodal size distribution of 44 nm (95.5%) and 205 nm (4.5%) was found. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for the bacteria studied using a microdilution plates assay. The effect on <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria was notable, with MIC values of 17 µM for both the NS<sub>1</sub> and NS<sub>2</sub> nanosystems. The <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> chart shows a greater inhibition effect of NS<sub>2</sub> and NP<sub>2</sub> in non-diluted wells, and clearly reveals a great effect on <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, reaching MIC values of 0.53 µM in more diluted wells. These results are in good agreement with TEM internalization studies of bacteria that reveal significant internalization and damage in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. In all the treatments carried out, the antibiotic capacity of gold nanosystems as enhancers of amoxicillin was demonstrated, causing both the precursors and the nanosystems to act very quickly, and thus favoring microbial death with a small amount of antibiotic. Therefore, these gold nanosystems may constitute an effective therapy to combat resistance to antibiotics, in addition to avoiding the secondary effects derived from the administration of high doses of antibiotics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:10:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b92322bb66ad40639d93f6a9b809e283 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:10:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b92322bb66ad40639d93f6a9b809e2832023-11-18T23:59:22ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-08-01128127510.3390/antibiotics12081275Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic ResistanceRosa M. Giráldez-Pérez0Elia M. Grueso1Alfonso Carbonero2Juan Álvarez Márquez3Mirian Gordillo4Edyta Kuliszewska5Rafael Prado-Gotor6Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, SpainDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, SpainDepartment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, SpainDepartment of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, SpainDepartment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, SpainChemtra Company, 47-300 Krapkowize, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, SpainCompacted Au@16-mph-16/DNA-AMOX (NSi) nanosystems were prepared from amoxicillin (AMOX) and precursor Au@16-mph-16 gold nanoparticles (Ni) using a Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer as a glue. The synthesized nanocarrier was tested on different bacterial strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> to evaluate its effectiveness as an antibiotic as well as its internalization. Synthesis of the nanosystems required previous structural and thermodynamic studies using circular dichroism (CD) and UV-visible techniques to guarantee optimal complex formation and maximal DNA compaction, characteristics which facilitate the correct uptake of the nanocarrier. Two nanocomplexes with different compositions and structures, denoted NS<sub>1</sub> and NS<sub>2</sub>, were prepared, the first involving external Au@16-mph-16 binding and the second partial intercalation. The Ni and NSi nanosystems obtained were characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques to measure their charge, aggregation state and hydrodynamic size, and to verify their presence inside the bacteria. From these studies, it was concluded that the zeta potential values for gold nanoparticles, NS<sub>1</sub>, and NS<sub>2</sub> nanosystems were 67.8, −36.7, and −45.1 mV. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the Au@16-mph-16 gold nanoparticles and NS<sub>2</sub> nanoformulation was found to be 2.6 nm and 69.0 nm, respectively. However, for NS<sub>1</sub> nanoformulation, a bimodal size distribution of 44 nm (95.5%) and 205 nm (4.5%) was found. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for the bacteria studied using a microdilution plates assay. The effect on <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria was notable, with MIC values of 17 µM for both the NS<sub>1</sub> and NS<sub>2</sub> nanosystems. The <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> chart shows a greater inhibition effect of NS<sub>2</sub> and NP<sub>2</sub> in non-diluted wells, and clearly reveals a great effect on <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, reaching MIC values of 0.53 µM in more diluted wells. These results are in good agreement with TEM internalization studies of bacteria that reveal significant internalization and damage in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. In all the treatments carried out, the antibiotic capacity of gold nanosystems as enhancers of amoxicillin was demonstrated, causing both the precursors and the nanosystems to act very quickly, and thus favoring microbial death with a small amount of antibiotic. Therefore, these gold nanosystems may constitute an effective therapy to combat resistance to antibiotics, in addition to avoiding the secondary effects derived from the administration of high doses of antibiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/8/1275gold nanoparticlesantibiotic resistanceaureus nanosystemgemini surfactantamoxicillin |
| spellingShingle | Rosa M. Giráldez-Pérez Elia M. Grueso Alfonso Carbonero Juan Álvarez Márquez Mirian Gordillo Edyta Kuliszewska Rafael Prado-Gotor Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics gold nanoparticles antibiotic resistance aureus nanosystem gemini surfactant amoxicillin |
| title | Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_full | Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_short | Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Amoxicillin and Gold Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Option to Combat Antibiotic Resistance |
| title_sort | synergistic antibacterial effects of amoxicillin and gold nanoparticles a therapeutic option to combat antibiotic resistance |
| topic | gold nanoparticles antibiotic resistance aureus nanosystem gemini surfactant amoxicillin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/8/1275 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rosamgiraldezperez synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance AT eliamgrueso synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance AT alfonsocarbonero synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance AT juanalvarezmarquez synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance AT miriangordillo synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance AT edytakuliszewska synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance AT rafaelpradogotor synergisticantibacterialeffectsofamoxicillinandgoldnanoparticlesatherapeuticoptiontocombatantibioticresistance |