A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD
Plastic pollution, where bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in its production, has gained popularity. BPA omnipresence and toxicity, especially for infants, has led food safety authorities to place restrictions on BPA usage. It has led to the introduction of the marked ‘BPA-free’-labelled products, wh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1432 |
| _version_ | 1797623711720800256 |
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| author | Szymon Szubartowski Tomasz Tuzimski |
| author_facet | Szymon Szubartowski Tomasz Tuzimski |
| author_sort | Szymon Szubartowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plastic pollution, where bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in its production, has gained popularity. BPA omnipresence and toxicity, especially for infants, has led food safety authorities to place restrictions on BPA usage. It has led to the introduction of the marked ‘BPA-free’-labelled products, where BPA is often replaced by other bisphenols (BPs) which are suspected of being similar or even more toxic than BPA. Moreover, the free forms of BPs are more dangerous than their conjugated forms and the conjugation of BPs is less effective in infants than in adults. Considering that human breast milk is the main source of nutrition for infants, the constant biomonitoring not only of BPA, but the wider group of BPs in such crucial matrices seems to be vital. In this study, a fast, simple, ‘green’ and cost-effective DLLME-based extraction technique combined with HPLC-FLD was optimized for the determination of seven selected bisphenols simultaneously. The procedure has satisfactory recovery values of 67–110% with the most RSD% at 17%. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 2.1 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL to 6.3 ng/mL, respectively. The procedure was successfully applied to the biomonitoring of free forms of BPs in 10 real human breast milk samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b92f2416345445299bd023a6841f16da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:32:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b92f2416345445299bd023a6841f16da2023-11-16T17:32:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01283143210.3390/molecules28031432A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLDSzymon Szubartowski0Tomasz Tuzimski1Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandPlastic pollution, where bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in its production, has gained popularity. BPA omnipresence and toxicity, especially for infants, has led food safety authorities to place restrictions on BPA usage. It has led to the introduction of the marked ‘BPA-free’-labelled products, where BPA is often replaced by other bisphenols (BPs) which are suspected of being similar or even more toxic than BPA. Moreover, the free forms of BPs are more dangerous than their conjugated forms and the conjugation of BPs is less effective in infants than in adults. Considering that human breast milk is the main source of nutrition for infants, the constant biomonitoring not only of BPA, but the wider group of BPs in such crucial matrices seems to be vital. In this study, a fast, simple, ‘green’ and cost-effective DLLME-based extraction technique combined with HPLC-FLD was optimized for the determination of seven selected bisphenols simultaneously. The procedure has satisfactory recovery values of 67–110% with the most RSD% at 17%. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 2.1 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL to 6.3 ng/mL, respectively. The procedure was successfully applied to the biomonitoring of free forms of BPs in 10 real human breast milk samples.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1432bisphenol (BPA)high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME)human breast milk samplesfluorescence detector (FLD)bisphenol A diglicydyl ether (BADGE) |
| spellingShingle | Szymon Szubartowski Tomasz Tuzimski A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD Molecules bisphenol (BPA) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) human breast milk samples fluorescence detector (FLD) bisphenol A diglicydyl ether (BADGE) |
| title | A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD |
| title_full | A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD |
| title_fullStr | A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD |
| title_short | A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD |
| title_sort | fast method for determination of seven bisphenols in human breast milk samples with the use of hplc fld |
| topic | bisphenol (BPA) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) human breast milk samples fluorescence detector (FLD) bisphenol A diglicydyl ether (BADGE) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/3/1432 |
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