Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism
The concept that hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) originate in early life has emerged recently. During pregnancy, tryptophan is crucial for maternal protein synthesis and fetal development. On one hand, impaired tryptophan metabolic pathway in pregnancy impacts fetal programming, result...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8705 |
| _version_ | 1797547580800892928 |
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| author | Chien-Ning Hsu You-Lin Tain |
| author_facet | Chien-Ning Hsu You-Lin Tain |
| author_sort | Chien-Ning Hsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The concept that hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) originate in early life has emerged recently. During pregnancy, tryptophan is crucial for maternal protein synthesis and fetal development. On one hand, impaired tryptophan metabolic pathway in pregnancy impacts fetal programming, resulting in the developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease in adult offspring. On the other hand, tryptophan-related interventions might serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent a disease from occurring. In the present review, we aim to summarize (1) the three major tryptophan metabolic pathways, (2) the impact of tryptophan metabolism in pregnancy, (3) the interplay occurring between tryptophan metabolites and gut microbiota on the production of uremic toxins, (4) the role of tryptophan-derived metabolites-induced hypertension and CKD of developmental origin, (5) the therapeutic options in pregnancy that could aid in reprogramming adverse effects to protect offspring against hypertension and CKD, and (6) possible mechanisms linking tryptophan metabolism to developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:46:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9350563653b47ce9305c9d90b4e3ef7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:46:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9350563653b47ce9305c9d90b4e3ef72023-11-20T21:24:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012122870510.3390/ijms21228705Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan MetabolismChien-Ning Hsu0You-Lin Tain1Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, TaiwanThe concept that hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) originate in early life has emerged recently. During pregnancy, tryptophan is crucial for maternal protein synthesis and fetal development. On one hand, impaired tryptophan metabolic pathway in pregnancy impacts fetal programming, resulting in the developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease in adult offspring. On the other hand, tryptophan-related interventions might serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent a disease from occurring. In the present review, we aim to summarize (1) the three major tryptophan metabolic pathways, (2) the impact of tryptophan metabolism in pregnancy, (3) the interplay occurring between tryptophan metabolites and gut microbiota on the production of uremic toxins, (4) the role of tryptophan-derived metabolites-induced hypertension and CKD of developmental origin, (5) the therapeutic options in pregnancy that could aid in reprogramming adverse effects to protect offspring against hypertension and CKD, and (6) possible mechanisms linking tryptophan metabolism to developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8705aryl hydrocarbon receptorchronic kidney diseasedevelopmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)hypertensionindolekynurenine |
| spellingShingle | Chien-Ning Hsu You-Lin Tain Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism International Journal of Molecular Sciences aryl hydrocarbon receptor chronic kidney disease developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypertension indole kynurenine |
| title | Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism |
| title_full | Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism |
| title_short | Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism |
| title_sort | developmental programming and reprogramming of hypertension and kidney disease impact of tryptophan metabolism |
| topic | aryl hydrocarbon receptor chronic kidney disease developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypertension indole kynurenine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/22/8705 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chienninghsu developmentalprogrammingandreprogrammingofhypertensionandkidneydiseaseimpactoftryptophanmetabolism AT youlintain developmentalprogrammingandreprogrammingofhypertensionandkidneydiseaseimpactoftryptophanmetabolism |