Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet
In this work, the mechanochemical synthesis method was used for the first time to produce powders of the nanocrystalline Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi compound from Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>,...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/13/3854 |
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| author | Hugo Martínez Sánchez George Hadjipanayis Germán Antonio Pérez Alcázar Ligia Edith Zamora Alfonso Juan Sebastián Trujillo Hernández |
| author_facet | Hugo Martínez Sánchez George Hadjipanayis Germán Antonio Pérez Alcázar Ligia Edith Zamora Alfonso Juan Sebastián Trujillo Hernández |
| author_sort | Hugo Martínez Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, the mechanochemical synthesis method was used for the first time to produce powders of the nanocrystalline Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi compound from Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Co and TiO<sub>2</sub>. High-energy-milled powders were heat treated at 1000 °C for 10 min to obtain the ThMn<sub>12</sub>-type structure. Volume fraction of the 1:12 phase was found to be as high as 95.7% with 4.3% of a bcc phase also present. The nitrogenation process of the sample was carried out at 350 °C during 3, 6, 9 and 12 h using a static pressure of 80 kPa of N<sub>2</sub>. The magnetic properties M<sub>r</sub>, µ<sub>0</sub>H<sub>c</sub>, and (BH)<sub>max</sub> were enhanced after nitrogenation, despite finding some residual nitrogen-free 1:12 phase. The magnetic values of a nitrogenated sample after 3 h were M<sub>r</sub> = 75 Am<sup>2</sup> kg<sup>–1</sup>, µ<sub>0</sub>H<sub>c</sub> = 0.500 T and (BH)<sub>max</sub> = 58 kJ·m<sup>–3</sup>. Samples were aligned under an applied field of 2 T after washing and were measured in a direction parallel to the applied field. The best value of (BH)<sub>max</sub> ~ 114 kJ·m<sup>–3</sup> was obtained for 3 h and the highest µ<sub>0</sub>H<sub>c</sub> = 0.518 T for 6 h nitrogenation. SEM characterization revealed that the particles have a mean particle size around 360 nm and a rounded shape. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:04:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b9370682f41d4eb9a443038a95fecb402023-11-22T01:37:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-06-012613385410.3390/molecules26133854Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent MagnetHugo Martínez Sánchez0George Hadjipanayis1Germán Antonio Pérez Alcázar2Ligia Edith Zamora Alfonso3Juan Sebastián Trujillo Hernández4Departamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali A.A. 25360, ColombiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, 217 Sharp Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali A.A. 25360, ColombiaDepartamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali A.A. 25360, ColombiaDepartamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, Meléndez, Cali A.A. 25360, ColombiaIn this work, the mechanochemical synthesis method was used for the first time to produce powders of the nanocrystalline Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi compound from Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Co and TiO<sub>2</sub>. High-energy-milled powders were heat treated at 1000 °C for 10 min to obtain the ThMn<sub>12</sub>-type structure. Volume fraction of the 1:12 phase was found to be as high as 95.7% with 4.3% of a bcc phase also present. The nitrogenation process of the sample was carried out at 350 °C during 3, 6, 9 and 12 h using a static pressure of 80 kPa of N<sub>2</sub>. The magnetic properties M<sub>r</sub>, µ<sub>0</sub>H<sub>c</sub>, and (BH)<sub>max</sub> were enhanced after nitrogenation, despite finding some residual nitrogen-free 1:12 phase. The magnetic values of a nitrogenated sample after 3 h were M<sub>r</sub> = 75 Am<sup>2</sup> kg<sup>–1</sup>, µ<sub>0</sub>H<sub>c</sub> = 0.500 T and (BH)<sub>max</sub> = 58 kJ·m<sup>–3</sup>. Samples were aligned under an applied field of 2 T after washing and were measured in a direction parallel to the applied field. The best value of (BH)<sub>max</sub> ~ 114 kJ·m<sup>–3</sup> was obtained for 3 h and the highest µ<sub>0</sub>H<sub>c</sub> = 0.518 T for 6 h nitrogenation. SEM characterization revealed that the particles have a mean particle size around 360 nm and a rounded shape.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/13/3854permanent magnetsmechanochemical synthesisnitrogenationextrinsic magnetic propertiesX-ray diffraction patternsspin reorientation |
| spellingShingle | Hugo Martínez Sánchez George Hadjipanayis Germán Antonio Pérez Alcázar Ligia Edith Zamora Alfonso Juan Sebastián Trujillo Hernández Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet Molecules permanent magnets mechanochemical synthesis nitrogenation extrinsic magnetic properties X-ray diffraction patterns spin reorientation |
| title | Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet |
| title_full | Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet |
| title_fullStr | Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet |
| title_short | Mechanochemical Synthesis and Nitrogenation of the Nd<sub>1.1</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>CoTi Alloy for Permanent Magnet |
| title_sort | mechanochemical synthesis and nitrogenation of the nd sub 1 1 sub fe sub 10 sub coti alloy for permanent magnet |
| topic | permanent magnets mechanochemical synthesis nitrogenation extrinsic magnetic properties X-ray diffraction patterns spin reorientation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/13/3854 |
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