Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in the world. To improve therapy efficiency and reduce side effects, it is very important to frequently detect the concentration of 5-FU in blood samples of patients. In this work, a new type of lateral flow immunochromatographic assa...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/4019 |
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| author | Hanwen Liu Ying Liu Ting Zhou Penghui Zhou Jianguo Li Anping Deng |
| author_facet | Hanwen Liu Ying Liu Ting Zhou Penghui Zhou Jianguo Li Anping Deng |
| author_sort | Hanwen Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in the world. To improve therapy efficiency and reduce side effects, it is very important to frequently detect the concentration of 5-FU in blood samples of patients. In this work, a new type of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for ultrasensitive and specific detection of 5-FU in blood samples was developed. Au@Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs) employing Au particles as the core and Ag/Au alloy as the shell were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate in SERS-LFIA due to their high SERS enhancement and biocompatibility. The immunoprobe was made in the form of Au<sup>MBA</sup>@Ag/Au-Ab in which mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA, a common Raman active reporter) was embedded in the core–shell layer and the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against 5-FU was immobilized on the surface. The performance of SERS-LFIA was similar to that in colloidal gold based-LFIA, and the entire assay time was within 20 min. According to the color intensity on the testing (T) lines of LFIA strips visualized by eyes, the contents of 5-FU in the samples could be qualitatively or semi-quantitatively identified. Furthermore, by measuring the characteristic Raman intensities of MBA on T lines, quantitative detection of 5-FU in the samples were achieved. The IC<sub>50</sub> and limit of detection (LOD) of the LFIA for 5-FU were found to be 20.9 pg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 4.4 pg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the LFIA with nine relative compounds, and the CR with cytosine, tegafur and carmofur were less than 4.5%. The recoveries of 5-FU from spiked blood samples were in the range of 78.6~86.4% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.69~4.42%. Five blood samples containing 5-FU collected from the Cancer Hospital were measured by SERS-LFIA, and the results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. It was proven that the proposed method was able to simply and rapidly detect 5-FU in blood samples with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:45:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:45:11Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b94e3a5364514967b6234d56480a2ec52023-11-30T22:13:10ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-06-012713401910.3390/molecules27134019Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic AssayHanwen Liu0Ying Liu1Ting Zhou2Penghui Zhou3Jianguo Li4Anping Deng5The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, ChinaThe Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, ChinaThe Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, ChinaThe Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, ChinaThe Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, ChinaThe Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in the world. To improve therapy efficiency and reduce side effects, it is very important to frequently detect the concentration of 5-FU in blood samples of patients. In this work, a new type of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for ultrasensitive and specific detection of 5-FU in blood samples was developed. Au@Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs) employing Au particles as the core and Ag/Au alloy as the shell were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate in SERS-LFIA due to their high SERS enhancement and biocompatibility. The immunoprobe was made in the form of Au<sup>MBA</sup>@Ag/Au-Ab in which mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA, a common Raman active reporter) was embedded in the core–shell layer and the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against 5-FU was immobilized on the surface. The performance of SERS-LFIA was similar to that in colloidal gold based-LFIA, and the entire assay time was within 20 min. According to the color intensity on the testing (T) lines of LFIA strips visualized by eyes, the contents of 5-FU in the samples could be qualitatively or semi-quantitatively identified. Furthermore, by measuring the characteristic Raman intensities of MBA on T lines, quantitative detection of 5-FU in the samples were achieved. The IC<sub>50</sub> and limit of detection (LOD) of the LFIA for 5-FU were found to be 20.9 pg mL<sup>−1</sup> and 4.4 pg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the LFIA with nine relative compounds, and the CR with cytosine, tegafur and carmofur were less than 4.5%. The recoveries of 5-FU from spiked blood samples were in the range of 78.6~86.4% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.69~4.42%. Five blood samples containing 5-FU collected from the Cancer Hospital were measured by SERS-LFIA, and the results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. It was proven that the proposed method was able to simply and rapidly detect 5-FU in blood samples with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/4019surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA)5-fluorouracil (5-FU)anticancer drugblood samples |
| spellingShingle | Hanwen Liu Ying Liu Ting Zhou Penghui Zhou Jianguo Li Anping Deng Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay Molecules surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug blood samples |
| title | Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay |
| title_full | Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay |
| title_short | Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay |
| title_sort | ultrasensitive and specific detection of anticancer drug 5 fluorouracil in blood samples by a surface enhanced raman scattering sers based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay |
| topic | surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug blood samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/13/4019 |
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