First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign
We present in situ observations of mesospheric ice particles with a new particle detector which combines a classical Faraday cup with the active photoionization of particles and subsequent detection of photoelectrons. Our observations of charged particles and free electrons within a decaying PMSE-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2009-02-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/27/755/2009/angeo-27-755-2009.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828757322817601536 |
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| author | M. Rapp I. Strelnikova B. Strelnikov R. Latteck G. Baumgarten Q. Li L. Megner J. Gumbel M. Friedrich U.-P. Hoppe S. Robertson |
| author_facet | M. Rapp I. Strelnikova B. Strelnikov R. Latteck G. Baumgarten Q. Li L. Megner J. Gumbel M. Friedrich U.-P. Hoppe S. Robertson |
| author_sort | M. Rapp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present in situ observations of mesospheric ice particles with a new particle detector
which combines a classical Faraday cup with the active photoionization of particles and subsequent detection of
photoelectrons. Our observations of charged particles and free electrons within a decaying PMSE-layer
reveal that the presence of charged particles is a necessary but not sufficient condition for
the presence of PMSE. That is, additional requirements like a sufficiently large electron density
– which we here estimate to be on the order of ~100 cm<sup>−3</sup> –
and the presence of small scale structures (commonly assumed to be caused by turbulence) need to be satisfied.
Our photoelectron measurements reveal a very strong horizontal structuring
of the investigated ice layer, i.e., a very broad layer (82–88 km) seen on the upleg
is replaced by a narrow layer from 84.5–86 km only 50 km apart on the downleg of the rocket flight.
Importantly, the qualitative structure of these photoelectron profiles is in remarkable qualitative agreement with
photometer measurements on the same rocket thus demonstrating the reliability of this new technique.
We then show that the photoelectron currents are a unique function of the ice particle volume density (and hence ice mass)
within an uncertainty of only 15% and we derive corresponding altitude profiles of ice volume densities.
Derived values are in the range ~2–8×10<sup>−14</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> (corresponding to mass densities
of ~20–80 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, and water vapor mixing ratios of 3–12 ppm) and are the first such estimates with
the unique spatial resolution of an in situ measurement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b950adfed8864d96a05c0e9fdbce4d66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2009-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-b950adfed8864d96a05c0e9fdbce4d662022-12-22T01:27:35ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762009-02-012775576610.5194/angeo-27-755-2009First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaignM. Rapp0I. Strelnikova1B. Strelnikov2R. Latteck3G. Baumgarten4Q. Li5L. Megner6J. Gumbel7M. Friedrich8U.-P. Hoppe9S. Robertson10Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, GermanyLeibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, GermanyLeibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, GermanyLeibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, GermanyLeibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, GermanyLeibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, GermanyDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Communication Networks and Satellite Communications, Graz University of Technology, AustriaNorwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Kjeller, NorwayDepartment of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USAWe present in situ observations of mesospheric ice particles with a new particle detector which combines a classical Faraday cup with the active photoionization of particles and subsequent detection of photoelectrons. Our observations of charged particles and free electrons within a decaying PMSE-layer reveal that the presence of charged particles is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the presence of PMSE. That is, additional requirements like a sufficiently large electron density – which we here estimate to be on the order of ~100 cm<sup>−3</sup> – and the presence of small scale structures (commonly assumed to be caused by turbulence) need to be satisfied. Our photoelectron measurements reveal a very strong horizontal structuring of the investigated ice layer, i.e., a very broad layer (82–88 km) seen on the upleg is replaced by a narrow layer from 84.5–86 km only 50 km apart on the downleg of the rocket flight. Importantly, the qualitative structure of these photoelectron profiles is in remarkable qualitative agreement with photometer measurements on the same rocket thus demonstrating the reliability of this new technique. We then show that the photoelectron currents are a unique function of the ice particle volume density (and hence ice mass) within an uncertainty of only 15% and we derive corresponding altitude profiles of ice volume densities. Derived values are in the range ~2–8×10<sup>−14</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> (corresponding to mass densities of ~20–80 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, and water vapor mixing ratios of 3–12 ppm) and are the first such estimates with the unique spatial resolution of an in situ measurement.https://www.ann-geophys.net/27/755/2009/angeo-27-755-2009.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Rapp I. Strelnikova B. Strelnikov R. Latteck G. Baumgarten Q. Li L. Megner J. Gumbel M. Friedrich U.-P. Hoppe S. Robertson First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign Annales Geophysicae |
| title | First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign |
| title_full | First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign |
| title_fullStr | First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign |
| title_full_unstemmed | First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign |
| title_short | First in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ECOMA/MASS rocket-campaign |
| title_sort | first in situ measurement of the vertical distribution of ice volume in a mesospheric ice cloud during the ecoma mass rocket campaign |
| url | https://www.ann-geophys.net/27/755/2009/angeo-27-755-2009.pdf |
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