Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context
Summary: Background: Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | The Lancet Regional Health. Americas |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X23000236 |
| _version_ | 1797901821558128640 |
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| author | Rebecca Fielding-Miller Smruthi Karthikeyan Tommi Gaines Richard S. Garfein Rodolfo A. Salido Victor J. Cantu Laura Kohn Natasha K. Martin Adriane Wynn Carrissa Wijaya Marlene Flores Vinton Omaleki Araz Majnoonian Patricia Gonzalez-Zuniga Megan Nguyen Anh V. Vo Tina Le Dawn Duong Ashkan Hassani Samantha Tweeten Kristen Jepsen Benjamin Henson Abbas Hakim Amanda Birmingham Peter De Hoff Adam M. Mark Chanond A. Nasamran Sara Brin Rosenthal Niema Moshiri Kathleen M. Fisch Greg Humphrey Sawyer Farmer Helena M. Tubb Tommy Valles Justin Morris Jaeyoung Kang Behnam Khaleghi Colin Young Ameen D. Akel Sean Eilert Justin Eno Ken Curewitz Louise C. Laurent Tajana Rosing Rob Knight Nathan A. Baer Tom Barber Anelizze Castro-Martinez Marisol Chacón Willi Cheung Evelyn S. Crescini Emily R. Eisner Lizbeth Franco Vargas Abbas Hakim Charlotte Hobbs Alma L. Lastrella Elijah S. Lawrence Nathaniel L. Matteson Karthik Gangavarapu Toan T. Ngo Phoebe Seaver Elizabeth W. Smoot Rebecca Tsai Bing Xia Stefan Aigner Catelyn Anderson Pedro Belda-Ferre Shashank Sathe Mark Zeller Kristian G. Andersen Gene W. Yeo Ezra Kurzban |
| author_facet | Rebecca Fielding-Miller Smruthi Karthikeyan Tommi Gaines Richard S. Garfein Rodolfo A. Salido Victor J. Cantu Laura Kohn Natasha K. Martin Adriane Wynn Carrissa Wijaya Marlene Flores Vinton Omaleki Araz Majnoonian Patricia Gonzalez-Zuniga Megan Nguyen Anh V. Vo Tina Le Dawn Duong Ashkan Hassani Samantha Tweeten Kristen Jepsen Benjamin Henson Abbas Hakim Amanda Birmingham Peter De Hoff Adam M. Mark Chanond A. Nasamran Sara Brin Rosenthal Niema Moshiri Kathleen M. Fisch Greg Humphrey Sawyer Farmer Helena M. Tubb Tommy Valles Justin Morris Jaeyoung Kang Behnam Khaleghi Colin Young Ameen D. Akel Sean Eilert Justin Eno Ken Curewitz Louise C. Laurent Tajana Rosing Rob Knight Nathan A. Baer Tom Barber Anelizze Castro-Martinez Marisol Chacón Willi Cheung Evelyn S. Crescini Emily R. Eisner Lizbeth Franco Vargas Abbas Hakim Charlotte Hobbs Alma L. Lastrella Elijah S. Lawrence Nathaniel L. Matteson Karthik Gangavarapu Toan T. Ngo Phoebe Seaver Elizabeth W. Smoot Rebecca Tsai Bing Xia Stefan Aigner Catelyn Anderson Pedro Belda-Ferre Shashank Sathe Mark Zeller Kristian G. Andersen Gene W. Yeo Ezra Kurzban |
| author_sort | Rebecca Fielding-Miller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels of accuracy. However, its effective accuracy, cost, and feasibility in non-residential community settings is unknown. Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and accuracy of community-based passive wastewater and surface (environmental) surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in neighborhood schools compared to weekly diagnostic (PCR) testing. We implemented an environmental surveillance system in nine elementary schools with 1700 regularly present staff and students in southern California. The system was validated from November 2020 to March 2021. Findings: In 447 data collection days across the nine sites 89 individuals tested positive for COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 374 surface samples and 133 wastewater samples. Ninety-three percent of identified cases were associated with an environmental sample (95% CI: 88%–98%); 67% were associated with a positive wastewater sample (95% CI: 57%–77%), and 40% were associated with a positive surface sample (95% CI: 29%–52%). The techniques we utilized allowed for near-complete genomic sequencing of wastewater and surface samples. Interpretation: Passive environmental surveillance can detect the presence of COVID-19 cases in non-residential community school settings with a high degree of accuracy. Funding: County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Centers for Disease Control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:08:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b952a5374d7449469a68fe2e85158a71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-193X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:08:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Lancet Regional Health. Americas |
| spelling | doaj.art-b952a5374d7449469a68fe2e85158a712023-02-21T05:15:04ZengElsevierThe Lancet Regional Health. Americas2667-193X2023-03-0119100449Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in contextRebecca Fielding-Miller0Smruthi Karthikeyan1Tommi Gaines2Richard S. Garfein3Rodolfo A. Salido4Victor J. Cantu5Laura Kohn6Natasha K. Martin7Adriane Wynn8Carrissa Wijaya9Marlene Flores10Vinton Omaleki11Araz Majnoonian12Patricia Gonzalez-Zuniga13Megan Nguyen14Anh V. Vo15Tina Le16Dawn Duong17Ashkan Hassani18Samantha Tweeten19Kristen Jepsen20Benjamin Henson21Abbas Hakim22Amanda Birmingham23Peter De Hoff24Adam M. Mark25Chanond A. Nasamran26Sara Brin Rosenthal27Niema Moshiri28Kathleen M. Fisch29Greg Humphrey30Sawyer Farmer31Helena M. Tubb32Tommy Valles33Justin Morris34Jaeyoung Kang35Behnam Khaleghi36Colin Young37Ameen D. Akel38Sean Eilert39Justin Eno40Ken Curewitz41Louise C. Laurent42Tajana Rosing43Rob Knight44Nathan A. BaerTom BarberAnelizze Castro-MartinezMarisol ChacónWilli CheungEvelyn S. CresciniEmily R. EisnerLizbeth Franco VargasAbbas HakimCharlotte HobbsAlma L. LastrellaElijah S. LawrenceNathaniel L. MattesonKarthik GangavarapuToan T. NgoPhoebe SeaverElizabeth W. SmootRebecca TsaiBing XiaStefan AignerCatelyn AndersonPedro Belda-FerreShashank SatheMark ZellerKristian G. AndersenGene W. YeoEzra KurzbanDivision of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADivision of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAKohn Education Consulting, San Diego, CA, USADivision of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADivision of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; University of California San Diego and San Diego State University Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health Social and Behavioral Interventions, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health Social and Behavioral Interventions, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USACounty of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency, 1600 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA, 92101, USAInstitute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAInstitute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USACenter for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USACenter for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USACenter for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USACenter for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USAMicron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USAMicron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USAMicron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USAMicron Technology, Inc., 7220 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USAUniversity of California San Diego and San Diego State University Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USASummary: Background: Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels of accuracy. However, its effective accuracy, cost, and feasibility in non-residential community settings is unknown. Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and accuracy of community-based passive wastewater and surface (environmental) surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in neighborhood schools compared to weekly diagnostic (PCR) testing. We implemented an environmental surveillance system in nine elementary schools with 1700 regularly present staff and students in southern California. The system was validated from November 2020 to March 2021. Findings: In 447 data collection days across the nine sites 89 individuals tested positive for COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 374 surface samples and 133 wastewater samples. Ninety-three percent of identified cases were associated with an environmental sample (95% CI: 88%–98%); 67% were associated with a positive wastewater sample (95% CI: 57%–77%), and 40% were associated with a positive surface sample (95% CI: 29%–52%). The techniques we utilized allowed for near-complete genomic sequencing of wastewater and surface samples. Interpretation: Passive environmental surveillance can detect the presence of COVID-19 cases in non-residential community school settings with a high degree of accuracy. Funding: County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Centers for Disease Control.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X23000236Wastewater surveillanceSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 in schools |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca Fielding-Miller Smruthi Karthikeyan Tommi Gaines Richard S. Garfein Rodolfo A. Salido Victor J. Cantu Laura Kohn Natasha K. Martin Adriane Wynn Carrissa Wijaya Marlene Flores Vinton Omaleki Araz Majnoonian Patricia Gonzalez-Zuniga Megan Nguyen Anh V. Vo Tina Le Dawn Duong Ashkan Hassani Samantha Tweeten Kristen Jepsen Benjamin Henson Abbas Hakim Amanda Birmingham Peter De Hoff Adam M. Mark Chanond A. Nasamran Sara Brin Rosenthal Niema Moshiri Kathleen M. Fisch Greg Humphrey Sawyer Farmer Helena M. Tubb Tommy Valles Justin Morris Jaeyoung Kang Behnam Khaleghi Colin Young Ameen D. Akel Sean Eilert Justin Eno Ken Curewitz Louise C. Laurent Tajana Rosing Rob Knight Nathan A. Baer Tom Barber Anelizze Castro-Martinez Marisol Chacón Willi Cheung Evelyn S. Crescini Emily R. Eisner Lizbeth Franco Vargas Abbas Hakim Charlotte Hobbs Alma L. Lastrella Elijah S. Lawrence Nathaniel L. Matteson Karthik Gangavarapu Toan T. Ngo Phoebe Seaver Elizabeth W. Smoot Rebecca Tsai Bing Xia Stefan Aigner Catelyn Anderson Pedro Belda-Ferre Shashank Sathe Mark Zeller Kristian G. Andersen Gene W. Yeo Ezra Kurzban Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context The Lancet Regional Health. Americas Wastewater surveillance SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 in schools |
| title | Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context |
| title_full | Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context |
| title_fullStr | Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context |
| title_short | Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schoolsResearch in context |
| title_sort | safer at school early alert an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect covid 19 in elementary schoolsresearch in context |
| topic | Wastewater surveillance SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 in schools |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X23000236 |
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