Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix. It is synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HAS) into high-molecular-weight chains (HMW-HA) that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. In damaged, infected, and/or inflamed tissues, HMW-HA are degraded by hyalu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/5/658 |
| _version_ | 1797501330070175744 |
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| author | Antony Hoarau Myriam Polette Christelle Coraux |
| author_facet | Antony Hoarau Myriam Polette Christelle Coraux |
| author_sort | Antony Hoarau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix. It is synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HAS) into high-molecular-weight chains (HMW-HA) that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. In damaged, infected, and/or inflamed tissues, HMW-HA are degraded by hyaluronidases (HYAL) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to give rise to low-molecular-weight HAs (LMW-HAs) that are potent pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, the size of HA regulates the balance of anti- or pro-inflammatory functions. The activities of HA depend also on its interactions with hyaladherins. HA synthesis, degradation, and activities through HA/receptors interactions define the hyaluronasome. In this review, a short overview of the role of high and low-molecular-weight HA polymers in the lungs is provided. The involvement of LMW-HA in pulmonary innate immunity via the activation of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells is described to highlight LMW-HA as a therapeutic target in inflammatory respiratory diseases. Finally, the possibilities to counter LMW-HA’s deleterious effects in the lungs are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9543bed48d44f33b1f71347ef136e9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9543bed48d44f33b1f71347ef136e9a2023-11-23T10:13:40ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-04-0112565810.3390/biom12050658Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate ImmunityAntony Hoarau0Myriam Polette1Christelle Coraux2Inserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, 51100 Reims, FranceInserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, 51100 Reims, FranceInserm UMR-S 1250, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap-Santé, 51100 Reims, FranceHyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix. It is synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HAS) into high-molecular-weight chains (HMW-HA) that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. In damaged, infected, and/or inflamed tissues, HMW-HA are degraded by hyaluronidases (HYAL) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to give rise to low-molecular-weight HAs (LMW-HAs) that are potent pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, the size of HA regulates the balance of anti- or pro-inflammatory functions. The activities of HA depend also on its interactions with hyaladherins. HA synthesis, degradation, and activities through HA/receptors interactions define the hyaluronasome. In this review, a short overview of the role of high and low-molecular-weight HA polymers in the lungs is provided. The involvement of LMW-HA in pulmonary innate immunity via the activation of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells is described to highlight LMW-HA as a therapeutic target in inflammatory respiratory diseases. Finally, the possibilities to counter LMW-HA’s deleterious effects in the lungs are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/5/658hyaluronic acidlunginflammationinnate immunity |
| spellingShingle | Antony Hoarau Myriam Polette Christelle Coraux Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity Biomolecules hyaluronic acid lung inflammation innate immunity |
| title | Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity |
| title_full | Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity |
| title_short | Lung Hyaluronasome: Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Ha (Lmw-Ha) in Innate Immunity |
| title_sort | lung hyaluronasome involvement of low molecular weight ha lmw ha in innate immunity |
| topic | hyaluronic acid lung inflammation innate immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/5/658 |
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