Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence
With emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is logical to evaluate nonopioid analgesic treatments to manage pain states. Combinations of drugs can provide additive and/or synergistic effects that can benefit the management...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Neurology International |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/14/2/35 |
| _version_ | 1797483756327534592 |
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| author | Amber N. Edinoff Juliana M. Fort Christina Singh Sarah E. Wagner Jessica R. Rodriguez Catherine A. Johnson Elyse M. Cornett Kevin S. Murnane Adam M. Kaye Alan D. Kaye |
| author_facet | Amber N. Edinoff Juliana M. Fort Christina Singh Sarah E. Wagner Jessica R. Rodriguez Catherine A. Johnson Elyse M. Cornett Kevin S. Murnane Adam M. Kaye Alan D. Kaye |
| author_sort | Amber N. Edinoff |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is logical to evaluate nonopioid analgesic treatments to manage pain states. Combinations of drugs can provide additive and/or synergistic effects that can benefit the management of pain states. In this regard, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) modulate nociceptive signals and have been studied for chronic pain treatment. Psilocybin, commonly known as “magic mushrooms”, works at the serotonin receptor, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>. Psilocybin has been found in current studies to help with migraines since it has a tryptamine structure and works similarly to triptans. Psilocybin also has the potential for use in chronic pain treatment. However, the studies that have looked at alternative plant-based medications such as THC, CBD, and psilocybin have been small in terms of their sample size and may not consider the demographic or genetic differences in the population because of their small sample sizes. At present, it is unclear whether the effects reported in these studies translate to the general population or even are significant. In summary, additional studies are warranted to evaluate chronic pain management with alternative and combinations of medications in the treatment of chronic pain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:51:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b954e41b09224dd7a1739bf4e725b16b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2035-8377 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:51:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurology International |
| spelling | doaj.art-b954e41b09224dd7a1739bf4e725b16b2023-11-23T18:18:40ZengMDPI AGNeurology International2035-83772022-05-0114242343610.3390/neurolint14020035Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical EvidenceAmber N. Edinoff0Juliana M. Fort1Christina Singh2Sarah E. Wagner3Jessica R. Rodriguez4Catherine A. Johnson5Elyse M. Cornett6Kevin S. Murnane7Adam M. Kaye8Alan D. Kaye9Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USASchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USASchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USASchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USADepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USAWith emerging information about the potential for morbidity and reduced life expectancy with long-term use of opioids, it is logical to evaluate nonopioid analgesic treatments to manage pain states. Combinations of drugs can provide additive and/or synergistic effects that can benefit the management of pain states. In this regard, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) modulate nociceptive signals and have been studied for chronic pain treatment. Psilocybin, commonly known as “magic mushrooms”, works at the serotonin receptor, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>. Psilocybin has been found in current studies to help with migraines since it has a tryptamine structure and works similarly to triptans. Psilocybin also has the potential for use in chronic pain treatment. However, the studies that have looked at alternative plant-based medications such as THC, CBD, and psilocybin have been small in terms of their sample size and may not consider the demographic or genetic differences in the population because of their small sample sizes. At present, it is unclear whether the effects reported in these studies translate to the general population or even are significant. In summary, additional studies are warranted to evaluate chronic pain management with alternative and combinations of medications in the treatment of chronic pain.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/14/2/35plant-based medicationsalternative pain medicationschronic painopioidscannabinoidspsilocybin |
| spellingShingle | Amber N. Edinoff Juliana M. Fort Christina Singh Sarah E. Wagner Jessica R. Rodriguez Catherine A. Johnson Elyse M. Cornett Kevin S. Murnane Adam M. Kaye Alan D. Kaye Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence Neurology International plant-based medications alternative pain medications chronic pain opioids cannabinoids psilocybin |
| title | Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence |
| title_full | Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence |
| title_fullStr | Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence |
| title_short | Alternative Options for Complex, Recurrent Pain States Using Cannabinoids, Psilocybin, and Ketamine: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence |
| title_sort | alternative options for complex recurrent pain states using cannabinoids psilocybin and ketamine a narrative review of clinical evidence |
| topic | plant-based medications alternative pain medications chronic pain opioids cannabinoids psilocybin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/14/2/35 |
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