Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period
In the marine environment, bacteria and viruses play a significant role in carbon fluxes, remineralization processes, and the infection of various organisms. We performed a survey in the northeastern Barents Sea, a region adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, to investigate spatial patterns of microbial pla...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/6/845 |
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| author | Vladimir G. Dvoretsky Marina P. Venger Anastasya V. Vashchenko Tatyana M. Maksimovskaya Tatyana G. Ishkulova Veronika V. Vodopianova |
| author_facet | Vladimir G. Dvoretsky Marina P. Venger Anastasya V. Vashchenko Tatyana M. Maksimovskaya Tatyana G. Ishkulova Veronika V. Vodopianova |
| author_sort | Vladimir G. Dvoretsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the marine environment, bacteria and viruses play a significant role in carbon fluxes, remineralization processes, and the infection of various organisms. We performed a survey in the northeastern Barents Sea, a region adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, to investigate spatial patterns of microbial plankton, after the main productive period, in October 2020. Two main water masses occurred in the study region—colder Arctic Water and warmer Barents Sea Water, representing transformed Atlantic Water. Multivariate analyses detected patchiness in the horizontal distribution of bacteria and viruses, and their abundances showed no clear association with the water masses. There was an obvious vertical pattern in microbial concentration, with the highest estimates in the upper layers. Surface viral and bacterial abundance varied in a wide range (2.20 × 10<sup>5</sup>–10.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.86 × 10<sup>6</sup>–14.98 × 10<sup>6</sup> particles·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) and were correlated with each other. Bacterioplankton was dominated by small-sized cells (<2 μm, 0.04–0.06 µm<sup>3</sup>), and the average volume of bacterial cells tended to increase toward the seafloor. The ratio of viral to bacterial abundance (VBR) was 11 ± 1 and did not differ between water masses and depth layers. VBR were higher, compared to summer values, suggesting a strong impact of viruses on bacterioplankton, after the main productive season. Redundancy and correlation analyses showed that inorganic nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) and organic carbon from zooplankton were most responsible for the total variability in the microbial parameters. Water temperature and salinity, also, had a measurable impact, but their influence was lower. Bacterial abundance was lower than in other seasons and regions of the Barents Sea, while viral abundance was comparable, suggesting a stronger viral impact on Arctic marine bacteria in the autumn season. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:23:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:23:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b959bc46c391429d9bddd6c8aa2bc2a82023-11-23T15:39:13ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-05-0111684510.3390/biology11060845Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn PeriodVladimir G. Dvoretsky0Marina P. Venger1Anastasya V. Vashchenko2Tatyana M. Maksimovskaya3Tatyana G. Ishkulova4Veronika V. Vodopianova5Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 183010 Murmansk, RussiaMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 183010 Murmansk, RussiaMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 183010 Murmansk, RussiaMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 183010 Murmansk, RussiaMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 183010 Murmansk, RussiaMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), 183010 Murmansk, RussiaIn the marine environment, bacteria and viruses play a significant role in carbon fluxes, remineralization processes, and the infection of various organisms. We performed a survey in the northeastern Barents Sea, a region adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, to investigate spatial patterns of microbial plankton, after the main productive period, in October 2020. Two main water masses occurred in the study region—colder Arctic Water and warmer Barents Sea Water, representing transformed Atlantic Water. Multivariate analyses detected patchiness in the horizontal distribution of bacteria and viruses, and their abundances showed no clear association with the water masses. There was an obvious vertical pattern in microbial concentration, with the highest estimates in the upper layers. Surface viral and bacterial abundance varied in a wide range (2.20 × 10<sup>5</sup>–10.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.86 × 10<sup>6</sup>–14.98 × 10<sup>6</sup> particles·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) and were correlated with each other. Bacterioplankton was dominated by small-sized cells (<2 μm, 0.04–0.06 µm<sup>3</sup>), and the average volume of bacterial cells tended to increase toward the seafloor. The ratio of viral to bacterial abundance (VBR) was 11 ± 1 and did not differ between water masses and depth layers. VBR were higher, compared to summer values, suggesting a strong impact of viruses on bacterioplankton, after the main productive season. Redundancy and correlation analyses showed that inorganic nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) and organic carbon from zooplankton were most responsible for the total variability in the microbial parameters. Water temperature and salinity, also, had a measurable impact, but their influence was lower. Bacterial abundance was lower than in other seasons and regions of the Barents Sea, while viral abundance was comparable, suggesting a stronger viral impact on Arctic marine bacteria in the autumn season.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/6/845bacterioplanktonvirioplanktonzooplanktonBarents SeaArctic Oceanenvironmental influence |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir G. Dvoretsky Marina P. Venger Anastasya V. Vashchenko Tatyana M. Maksimovskaya Tatyana G. Ishkulova Veronika V. Vodopianova Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period Biology bacterioplankton virioplankton zooplankton Barents Sea Arctic Ocean environmental influence |
| title | Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period |
| title_full | Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period |
| title_fullStr | Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period |
| title_short | Pelagic Bacteria and Viruses in a High Arctic Region: Environmental Control in the Autumn Period |
| title_sort | pelagic bacteria and viruses in a high arctic region environmental control in the autumn period |
| topic | bacterioplankton virioplankton zooplankton Barents Sea Arctic Ocean environmental influence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/6/845 |
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