The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain
Forest operations have become increasingly reliant on mechanized harvesting equipment due to their increased production capacities in competitive markets. However, operating heavy machinery in mountainous terrain poses numerous operational and accessibility challenges from steep slopes, erosion risk...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/10/1307 |
| _version_ | 1797514577956569088 |
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| author | Keith Phelps Patrick Hiesl Donald Hagan Althea Hotaling Hagan |
| author_facet | Keith Phelps Patrick Hiesl Donald Hagan Althea Hotaling Hagan |
| author_sort | Keith Phelps |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Forest operations have become increasingly reliant on mechanized harvesting equipment due to their increased production capacities in competitive markets. However, operating heavy machinery in mountainous terrain poses numerous operational and accessibility challenges from steep slopes, erosion risk, and poor road access. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have effectively been used in various studies to identify areas in mountainous landscapes that pose no or reduced constraints for harvesting equipment operation. This study introduces the Harvest Operability Index (HOI), which rates a landscape for wheel-based equipment suitability (i.e., operability) and assesses its application in 13,118 ha of the Jocassee Gorges Natural Resource Area, situated on the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment in Northwestern South Carolina, USA. The HOI incorporated slope, distance from roads, cost distance from major highways, primary Streamside Management Zones (SMZ), stand age, and soil suitability ratings for harvesting equipment operation. Upon reclassification to a 5-tier suitability scale, the HOI revealed 60% (7824 ha) of the case study area was in a Slope Exclusion Zone, or land area inoperable for wheel-based equipment due to steep slopes. Values of Very Poor and Poor Operability occupied less than 1% (213 ha) of land area whereas Moderate Operability values were 9% of the land area (1257 ha). Values of Good Operability occupied 18% (2442 ha) of the study area and values of Very Good Operability occupied 10% (1381 ha). These results reflected the challenges of mechanized harvesting in the study area due to a preponderance of steep slopes and poorly suited soil. Our model delineated areas of high equipment operability in two locations in the study area, despite a lack of recent logging activity around them. Results of the HOI analysis offer an accessible way for forest managers to better prioritize logging operations in areas that are highly operable and therefore more likely to possess lower overall harvesting costs, for wheel-based harvesting systems. The HOI can also be used as an asset for other forest management priorities, such as identifying highly operable areas that can use timber harvesting for fuel reduction and ecological restoration in fire-dependent forests. This model can be applied to various other regions where mountainous terrain poses a limitation to wheel-based harvesting equipment operation- and where wheel-based equipment is essential to advance the pace and scale of harvesting for ecological restoration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:34:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b95af23187ac453fb125510790cef148 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:34:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-b95af23187ac453fb125510790cef1482023-11-22T18:17:34ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-09-011210130710.3390/f12101307The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous TerrainKeith Phelps0Patrick Hiesl1Donald Hagan2Althea Hotaling Hagan3Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Box 340317, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Box 340317, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Box 340317, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Box 340317, Clemson, SC 29634, USAForest operations have become increasingly reliant on mechanized harvesting equipment due to their increased production capacities in competitive markets. However, operating heavy machinery in mountainous terrain poses numerous operational and accessibility challenges from steep slopes, erosion risk, and poor road access. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have effectively been used in various studies to identify areas in mountainous landscapes that pose no or reduced constraints for harvesting equipment operation. This study introduces the Harvest Operability Index (HOI), which rates a landscape for wheel-based equipment suitability (i.e., operability) and assesses its application in 13,118 ha of the Jocassee Gorges Natural Resource Area, situated on the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment in Northwestern South Carolina, USA. The HOI incorporated slope, distance from roads, cost distance from major highways, primary Streamside Management Zones (SMZ), stand age, and soil suitability ratings for harvesting equipment operation. Upon reclassification to a 5-tier suitability scale, the HOI revealed 60% (7824 ha) of the case study area was in a Slope Exclusion Zone, or land area inoperable for wheel-based equipment due to steep slopes. Values of Very Poor and Poor Operability occupied less than 1% (213 ha) of land area whereas Moderate Operability values were 9% of the land area (1257 ha). Values of Good Operability occupied 18% (2442 ha) of the study area and values of Very Good Operability occupied 10% (1381 ha). These results reflected the challenges of mechanized harvesting in the study area due to a preponderance of steep slopes and poorly suited soil. Our model delineated areas of high equipment operability in two locations in the study area, despite a lack of recent logging activity around them. Results of the HOI analysis offer an accessible way for forest managers to better prioritize logging operations in areas that are highly operable and therefore more likely to possess lower overall harvesting costs, for wheel-based harvesting systems. The HOI can also be used as an asset for other forest management priorities, such as identifying highly operable areas that can use timber harvesting for fuel reduction and ecological restoration in fire-dependent forests. This model can be applied to various other regions where mountainous terrain poses a limitation to wheel-based harvesting equipment operation- and where wheel-based equipment is essential to advance the pace and scale of harvesting for ecological restoration.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/10/1307GIS suitabilitybest management practicesraster calculatorforest operations |
| spellingShingle | Keith Phelps Patrick Hiesl Donald Hagan Althea Hotaling Hagan The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain Forests GIS suitability best management practices raster calculator forest operations |
| title | The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain |
| title_full | The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain |
| title_fullStr | The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain |
| title_short | The Harvest Operability Index (HOI): A Decision Support Tool for Mechanized Timber Harvesting in Mountainous Terrain |
| title_sort | harvest operability index hoi a decision support tool for mechanized timber harvesting in mountainous terrain |
| topic | GIS suitability best management practices raster calculator forest operations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/10/1307 |
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