Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from trees subjected to biotic stress are higher compared to healthy trees, and they may also have a different compound composition. This in turn affects atmospheric chemistry and can lead to either positive or negative feedback to the cli...

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Main Authors:	E. Jaakkola, A. Gärtner, A. M. Jönsson, K. Ljung, P.-O. Olsson, T. Holst
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Copernicus Publications 2023-02-01
Series:	Biogeosciences
Online Access:	https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/803/2023/bg-20-803-2023.pdf

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author	E. Jaakkola A. Gärtner A. M. Jönsson K. Ljung P.-O. Olsson T. Holst
author_facet	E. Jaakkola A. Gärtner A. M. Jönsson K. Ljung P.-O. Olsson T. Holst
author_sort	E. Jaakkola
collection	DOAJ
description	<p>Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from trees subjected to biotic stress are higher compared to healthy trees, and they may also have a different compound composition. This in turn affects atmospheric chemistry and can lead to either positive or negative feedback to the climate. Climate change favors the abundance of the European spruce bark beetle (<i>Ips typographus</i>) which attacks the bark of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) trees, causing induced BVOC emissions from the trees as a response to the insect stress. Here, results are reported from a study analyzing the difference in emission rates between healthy and bark-beetle-infested Norway spruce trees, changes in emission rates over time since the infestation started, and differences in emission rates from bark-beetle-drilled entry and exit holes.</p> <p>Bark chamber measurements on both healthy and infested trees were performed during the summer of 2019 at Hyltemossa and Norunda research stations in Sweden. The measurements showed that induced BVOC emissions following the bark beetle infestation were dominated by entry hole emissions in the early growing season and exit hole emissions in the later season. The results showed a significant difference in emission rates between healthy and infested trees during both seasons. The seasonal average standardized BVOC emission rate of healthy trees was 32 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 52 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> (mean <span class="inline-formula">±</span> standard deviation), while the average standardized BVOC emission rates of infested trees were 6700 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6900 and 2000 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1300 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> during the early and late season respectively. BVOC emission rates were highest at the start of the infestation and decreased exponentially with time, showing induced emission rates for up to 1 year after which the emission rates were similar to those from healthy bark. Constitutive needle emission rates from healthy trees were found to be 11 times higher than bark emissions from healthy trees. However, when Norway spruce trees were infested, the bark emission rates were instead 6 to 20 times higher than the needle emissions, causing substantial increases in the total tree BVOC emission rate. This could lead to high impacts on atmospheric processes, specifically the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which have a higher yield from some monoterpene compounds, which increased from infested trees.</p>
first_indexed	2024-04-10T09:20:08Z
format	Article
id	doaj.art-b962244d736e447b8861751fe47b9694
institution	Directory Open Access Journal
issn	1726-4170 1726-4189
language	English
last_indexed	2024-04-10T09:20:08Z
publishDate	2023-02-01
publisher	Copernicus Publications
record_format	Article
series	Biogeosciences
spelling	doaj.art-b962244d736e447b8861751fe47b96942023-02-20T16:45:15ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892023-02-012080382610.5194/bg-20-803-2023Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)E. Jaakkola0A. Gärtner1A. M. Jönsson2K. Ljung3P.-O. Olsson4T. Holst5Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 223 62, SwedenDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 223 62, SwedenDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 223 62, SwedenDepartment of Geology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, SwedenDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 223 62, SwedenDepartment of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden<p>Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from trees subjected to biotic stress are higher compared to healthy trees, and they may also have a different compound composition. This in turn affects atmospheric chemistry and can lead to either positive or negative feedback to the climate. Climate change favors the abundance of the European spruce bark beetle (<i>Ips typographus</i>) which attacks the bark of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) trees, causing induced BVOC emissions from the trees as a response to the insect stress. Here, results are reported from a study analyzing the difference in emission rates between healthy and bark-beetle-infested Norway spruce trees, changes in emission rates over time since the infestation started, and differences in emission rates from bark-beetle-drilled entry and exit holes.</p> <p>Bark chamber measurements on both healthy and infested trees were performed during the summer of 2019 at Hyltemossa and Norunda research stations in Sweden. The measurements showed that induced BVOC emissions following the bark beetle infestation were dominated by entry hole emissions in the early growing season and exit hole emissions in the later season. The results showed a significant difference in emission rates between healthy and infested trees during both seasons. The seasonal average standardized BVOC emission rate of healthy trees was 32 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 52 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> (mean <span class="inline-formula">±</span> standard deviation), while the average standardized BVOC emission rates of infested trees were 6700 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6900 and 2000 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 1300 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> during the early and late season respectively. BVOC emission rates were highest at the start of the infestation and decreased exponentially with time, showing induced emission rates for up to 1 year after which the emission rates were similar to those from healthy bark. Constitutive needle emission rates from healthy trees were found to be 11 times higher than bark emissions from healthy trees. However, when Norway spruce trees were infested, the bark emission rates were instead 6 to 20 times higher than the needle emissions, causing substantial increases in the total tree BVOC emission rate. This could lead to high impacts on atmospheric processes, specifically the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which have a higher yield from some monoterpene compounds, which increased from infested trees.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/803/2023/bg-20-803-2023.pdf
spellingShingle	E. Jaakkola A. Gärtner A. M. Jönsson K. Ljung P.-O. Olsson T. Holst Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) Biogeosciences
title	Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)
title_full	Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)
title_fullStr	Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)
title_full_unstemmed	Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)
title_short	Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)
title_sort	spruce bark beetles i ips typographus i cause up to 700 times higher bark bvoc emission rates compared to healthy norway spruce i picea abies i
url	https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/803/2023/bg-20-803-2023.pdf
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Spruce bark beetles (<i>Ips typographus</i>) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>)

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