Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, is one of the most prevalent contaminants in livestock feed and causes very large losses to animal husbandry every year. Taraxasterol, isolated from <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, has anti-inflammatory,...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/3/211 |
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| author | Junxiong Wang Kexin Zheng Yongcheng Jin Yurong Fu Rui Wang Jing Zhang |
| author_facet | Junxiong Wang Kexin Zheng Yongcheng Jin Yurong Fu Rui Wang Jing Zhang |
| author_sort | Junxiong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, is one of the most prevalent contaminants in livestock feed and causes very large losses to animal husbandry every year. Taraxasterol, isolated from <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antitumor effects. In the present study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used as a model, and different concentrations of taraxasterol (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) were used to protect against DON-induced cell damage. The results showed that taraxasterol at a concentration of 10 μg/mL significantly increased cell viability. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels indicated that taraxasterol substantially decreased LDH release caused by DON. Taraxasterol effectively alleviated the depletion of glutathione (GSH), the increase in the lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA), the reduction in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, and the decrease in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) induced by DON. The results further showed that taraxasterol reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taraxasterol was found to relieve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by suppressing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and reducing cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl2-associated X (BAX) and upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Our research results indicate that taraxasterol could alleviate DON-induced damage to MAC-T cells. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:22:05Z |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-b978a45f8ca045b0906c2679151e1cb32023-11-30T22:39:36ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-03-0114321110.3390/toxins14030211Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial CellsJunxiong Wang0Kexin Zheng1Yongcheng Jin2Yurong Fu3Rui Wang4Jing Zhang5State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Institute of Zoonosis Research, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130062, ChinaDeoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, is one of the most prevalent contaminants in livestock feed and causes very large losses to animal husbandry every year. Taraxasterol, isolated from <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antitumor effects. In the present study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used as a model, and different concentrations of taraxasterol (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) were used to protect against DON-induced cell damage. The results showed that taraxasterol at a concentration of 10 μg/mL significantly increased cell viability. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels indicated that taraxasterol substantially decreased LDH release caused by DON. Taraxasterol effectively alleviated the depletion of glutathione (GSH), the increase in the lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA), the reduction in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, and the decrease in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) induced by DON. The results further showed that taraxasterol reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taraxasterol was found to relieve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by suppressing the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and reducing cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl2-associated X (BAX) and upregulating the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). Our research results indicate that taraxasterol could alleviate DON-induced damage to MAC-T cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/3/211taraxasteroldeoxynivalenolendoplasmic reticulum stressapoptosisbovine mammary epithelial cells |
| spellingShingle | Junxiong Wang Kexin Zheng Yongcheng Jin Yurong Fu Rui Wang Jing Zhang Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Toxins taraxasterol deoxynivalenol endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| title | Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Protective Effects of Taraxasterol against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage to Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | protective effects of taraxasterol against deoxynivalenol induced damage to bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| topic | taraxasterol deoxynivalenol endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/3/211 |
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