Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults
To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and <i>Danio rerio</i> is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/10/1064 |
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| author | Manuela Mauro Valentina Lazzara Vincenzo Arizza Claudio Luparello Vincenzo Ferrantelli Gaetano Cammilleri Luigi Inguglia Mirella Vazzana |
| author_facet | Manuela Mauro Valentina Lazzara Vincenzo Arizza Claudio Luparello Vincenzo Ferrantelli Gaetano Cammilleri Luigi Inguglia Mirella Vazzana |
| author_sort | Manuela Mauro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and <i>Danio rerio</i> is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of <i>D. rerio</i> adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b98a7c7e0cd5452e92b423508c8bd2f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:43:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b98a7c7e0cd5452e92b423508c8bd2f02023-11-22T17:29:16ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-10-011010106410.3390/biology10101064Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> AdultsManuela Mauro0Valentina Lazzara1Vincenzo Arizza2Claudio Luparello3Vincenzo Ferrantelli4Gaetano Cammilleri5Luigi Inguglia6Mirella Vazzana7Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyTo date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and <i>Danio rerio</i> is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of <i>D. rerio</i> adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/10/1064cortisolimmune responseoxidative stressenzymepharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC)zebrafish |
| spellingShingle | Manuela Mauro Valentina Lazzara Vincenzo Arizza Claudio Luparello Vincenzo Ferrantelli Gaetano Cammilleri Luigi Inguglia Mirella Vazzana Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults Biology cortisol immune response oxidative stress enzyme pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) zebrafish |
| title | Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults |
| title_full | Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults |
| title_fullStr | Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults |
| title_short | Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of <i>Danio rerio</i> Adults |
| title_sort | human drug pollution in the aquatic system the biochemical responses of i danio rerio i adults |
| topic | cortisol immune response oxidative stress enzyme pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) zebrafish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/10/1064 |
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