Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks
Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) provides a large-scale and safe solution to balance the fluctuations in energy production from renewable sources and energy consumption but requires a proper and detailed characterization of the candidate reservoirs. The scope of this study was to estimate the hydr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/394 |
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| author | Eloisa Salina Borello Sergio Bocchini Angelica Chiodoni Christian Coti Marco Fontana Filippo Panini Costanzo Peter Candido Fabrizio Pirri Michel Tawil Andrea Mantegazzi Francesco Marzano Vincenzo Pozzovivo Francesca Verga Dario Viberti |
| author_facet | Eloisa Salina Borello Sergio Bocchini Angelica Chiodoni Christian Coti Marco Fontana Filippo Panini Costanzo Peter Candido Fabrizio Pirri Michel Tawil Andrea Mantegazzi Francesco Marzano Vincenzo Pozzovivo Francesca Verga Dario Viberti |
| author_sort | Eloisa Salina Borello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) provides a large-scale and safe solution to balance the fluctuations in energy production from renewable sources and energy consumption but requires a proper and detailed characterization of the candidate reservoirs. The scope of this study was to estimate the hydrogen diffusion coefficient for real caprock samples from two natural gas storage reservoirs that are candidates for underground hydrogen storage. A significant number of adsorption/desorption tests were carried out using a Dynamic Gravimetric Vapor/Gas Sorption System. A total of 15 samples were tested at the reservoir temperature of 45 °C and using both hydrogen and methane. For each sample, two tests were performed with the same gas. Each test included four partial pressure steps of sorption alternated with desorption. After applying overshooting and buoyancy corrections, the data were then interpreted using the early time approximation of the solution to the diffusion equation. Each interpretable partial pressure step provided a value of the diffusion coefficient. In total, more than 90 estimations of the diffusion coefficient out of 120 partial pressure steps were available, allowing a thorough comparison between the diffusion of hydrogen and methane: hydrogen in the range of 1 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s to 6 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s and methane in the range of 9 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s to 2 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. The diffusion coefficients measured on wet samples are 2 times lower compared to those measured on dry samples. Hysteresis in hydrogen adsorption/desorption was also observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:58:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b990d89a6c4d49d4af756fbf29c55e70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:58:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-b990d89a6c4d49d4af756fbf29c55e702024-01-26T16:18:44ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-01-0117239410.3390/en17020394Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through CaprocksEloisa Salina Borello0Sergio Bocchini1Angelica Chiodoni2Christian Coti3Marco Fontana4Filippo Panini5Costanzo Peter6Candido Fabrizio Pirri7Michel Tawil8Andrea Mantegazzi9Francesco Marzano10Vincenzo Pozzovivo11Francesca Verga12Dario Viberti13Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyCenter for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 10144 Torino, ItalySnam-Stogit, 26013 Crema, ItalyCenter for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 10144 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalySnam-Stogit, 26013 Crema, ItalySnam-Stogit, 26013 Crema, ItalySnam-Stogit, 26013 Crema, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyUnderground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) provides a large-scale and safe solution to balance the fluctuations in energy production from renewable sources and energy consumption but requires a proper and detailed characterization of the candidate reservoirs. The scope of this study was to estimate the hydrogen diffusion coefficient for real caprock samples from two natural gas storage reservoirs that are candidates for underground hydrogen storage. A significant number of adsorption/desorption tests were carried out using a Dynamic Gravimetric Vapor/Gas Sorption System. A total of 15 samples were tested at the reservoir temperature of 45 °C and using both hydrogen and methane. For each sample, two tests were performed with the same gas. Each test included four partial pressure steps of sorption alternated with desorption. After applying overshooting and buoyancy corrections, the data were then interpreted using the early time approximation of the solution to the diffusion equation. Each interpretable partial pressure step provided a value of the diffusion coefficient. In total, more than 90 estimations of the diffusion coefficient out of 120 partial pressure steps were available, allowing a thorough comparison between the diffusion of hydrogen and methane: hydrogen in the range of 1 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s to 6 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s and methane in the range of 9 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s to 2 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s. The diffusion coefficients measured on wet samples are 2 times lower compared to those measured on dry samples. Hysteresis in hydrogen adsorption/desorption was also observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/394diffusioncaprockunderground hydrogen storagedynamic vapor sorption vacuum |
| spellingShingle | Eloisa Salina Borello Sergio Bocchini Angelica Chiodoni Christian Coti Marco Fontana Filippo Panini Costanzo Peter Candido Fabrizio Pirri Michel Tawil Andrea Mantegazzi Francesco Marzano Vincenzo Pozzovivo Francesca Verga Dario Viberti Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks Energies diffusion caprock underground hydrogen storage dynamic vapor sorption vacuum |
| title | Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks |
| title_full | Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks |
| title_fullStr | Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks |
| title_short | Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks |
| title_sort | underground hydrogen storage safety experimental study of hydrogen diffusion through caprocks |
| topic | diffusion caprock underground hydrogen storage dynamic vapor sorption vacuum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/394 |
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