Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor
Novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphors are in demand for light-emitting diode (LED) devices to extend their suitability for new applications and, in turn, support the sustainable and healthy development of the LED industry. The Cr<sup>3+</sup> has been used as an activator in the developmen...
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| author | Lei Chen Yabing Wu Qi Liu Yanguang Guo Fanghai Liu Bo Wang Shizhong Wei |
| author_facet | Lei Chen Yabing Wu Qi Liu Yanguang Guo Fanghai Liu Bo Wang Shizhong Wei |
| author_sort | Lei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphors are in demand for light-emitting diode (LED) devices to extend their suitability for new applications and, in turn, support the sustainable and healthy development of the LED industry. The Cr<sup>3+</sup> has been used as an activator in the development of new NIR phosphors. However, one main obstacle for the Cr<sup>3+</sup>-activated phosphors is the low luminescence efficiency due to the spin-forbidden d-d transition of Cr<sup>3+</sup>. The rare-earth (RE) huntite minerals that crystallize in the form of REM<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (M = Al, Sc, Cr, Fe, Ga) have a large family of members, including the rare-earth scandium borates of RESc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>. Interestingly, in our research, we found that the luminescence efficiency of Cr<sup>3+</sup> in the CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host, whose quantum yield was measured at 56%, is several times higher than that in GdSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, TbSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, and LuSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> hosts. Hereby, the energy conversion and transfer in the luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> phosphor were examined. The Stokes shift of electron energy conversion within the Cr<sup>3+ 4</sup>T<sub>2g</sub> level for the emission at 818 nm and excitation at 625 nm in CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host was evaluated to be 3775.1 cm<sup>−1</sup>, and the super-large splitting energy of the <sup>2</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub> and <sup>2</sup>F<sub>72</sub> sub-states of the Ce<sup>3+</sup> 4f<sup>1</sup> state, about 3000 cm<sup>−1</sup>, was found in CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host. The typical electronic thermal vibration peaks were observed in the excitation spectra of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup>. On this basis, the smallest phonon energy, around 347.7 cm<sup>−1</sup>, of the CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host was estimated. Finally, the energy transfer that is responsible for the far higher photoluminescence of Cr<sup>3+</sup> in CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> than in other hosts was proven through the way of Ce<sup>3+</sup> emission and Cr<sup>3+</sup> reabsorption. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b994d22d5f19494590a61595fad369e82023-11-16T17:19:01ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-01-01163123110.3390/ma16031231Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> PhosphorLei Chen0Yabing Wu1Qi Liu2Yanguang Guo3Fanghai Liu4Bo Wang5Shizhong Wei6School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaSchool of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, ChinaNational Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials & Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaNovel near-infrared (NIR) phosphors are in demand for light-emitting diode (LED) devices to extend their suitability for new applications and, in turn, support the sustainable and healthy development of the LED industry. The Cr<sup>3+</sup> has been used as an activator in the development of new NIR phosphors. However, one main obstacle for the Cr<sup>3+</sup>-activated phosphors is the low luminescence efficiency due to the spin-forbidden d-d transition of Cr<sup>3+</sup>. The rare-earth (RE) huntite minerals that crystallize in the form of REM<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (M = Al, Sc, Cr, Fe, Ga) have a large family of members, including the rare-earth scandium borates of RESc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>. Interestingly, in our research, we found that the luminescence efficiency of Cr<sup>3+</sup> in the CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host, whose quantum yield was measured at 56%, is several times higher than that in GdSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, TbSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, and LuSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> hosts. Hereby, the energy conversion and transfer in the luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> phosphor were examined. The Stokes shift of electron energy conversion within the Cr<sup>3+ 4</sup>T<sub>2g</sub> level for the emission at 818 nm and excitation at 625 nm in CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host was evaluated to be 3775.1 cm<sup>−1</sup>, and the super-large splitting energy of the <sup>2</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub> and <sup>2</sup>F<sub>72</sub> sub-states of the Ce<sup>3+</sup> 4f<sup>1</sup> state, about 3000 cm<sup>−1</sup>, was found in CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host. The typical electronic thermal vibration peaks were observed in the excitation spectra of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup>. On this basis, the smallest phonon energy, around 347.7 cm<sup>−1</sup>, of the CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> host was estimated. Finally, the energy transfer that is responsible for the far higher photoluminescence of Cr<sup>3+</sup> in CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> than in other hosts was proven through the way of Ce<sup>3+</sup> emission and Cr<sup>3+</sup> reabsorption.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/3/1231light-emitting diodes (LEDs)near-infrared (NIR) phosphorCeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup>huntitephotoluminescenceenergy transfer |
| spellingShingle | Lei Chen Yabing Wu Qi Liu Yanguang Guo Fanghai Liu Bo Wang Shizhong Wei Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor Materials light-emitting diodes (LEDs) near-infrared (NIR) phosphor CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> huntite photoluminescence energy transfer |
| title | Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor |
| title_full | Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor |
| title_fullStr | Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor |
| title_short | Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphor |
| title_sort | energy conversion and transfer in the luminescence of cesc sub 3 sub bo sub 3 sub sub 4 sub cr sup 3 sup phosphor |
| topic | light-emitting diodes (LEDs) near-infrared (NIR) phosphor CeSc<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> huntite photoluminescence energy transfer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/3/1231 |
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