How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks?
Ultra-short-term HRV features assess minor autonomous nervous system variations such as variations resulting from cognitive stress peaks during demanding tasks. Several studies compare ultra-short-term and short-term HRV measurements to investigate their reliability. However, existing experiments ar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6528 |
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| author | André Bernardes Ricardo Couceiro Júlio Medeiros Jorge Henriques César Teixeira Marco Simões João Durães Raul Barbosa Henrique Madeira Paulo Carvalho |
| author_facet | André Bernardes Ricardo Couceiro Júlio Medeiros Jorge Henriques César Teixeira Marco Simões João Durães Raul Barbosa Henrique Madeira Paulo Carvalho |
| author_sort | André Bernardes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultra-short-term HRV features assess minor autonomous nervous system variations such as variations resulting from cognitive stress peaks during demanding tasks. Several studies compare ultra-short-term and short-term HRV measurements to investigate their reliability. However, existing experiments are conducted in low cognitively demanding environments. In this paper, we propose to evaluate these measurements’ reliability under cognitively demanding tasks using a near real-life setting. For this purpose, we selected 31 HRV features, extracted from data collected from 21 programmers performing code comprehension, and compared them across 18 different time frames, ranging from 3 min to 10 s. Statistical significance and correlation tests were performed between the features extracted using the larger window (3 min) and the same features extracted with the other 17 time frames. We paired these analyses with Bland–Altman plots to inspect how the extraction window size affects the HRV features. The main results show 13 features that presented at least 50% correlation when using 60-second windows. The HF and mNN features achieved around 50% correlation using a 30-second window. The 30-second window was the smallest time frame considered to have reliable measurements. Furthermore, the mNN feature proved to be quite robust to the shortening of the time resolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:15:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9979e9ddd1542299b42c02c7d2e8ca1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:15:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9979e9ddd1542299b42c02c7d2e8ca12023-11-23T14:10:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-08-012217652810.3390/s22176528How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks?André Bernardes0Ricardo Couceiro1Júlio Medeiros2Jorge Henriques3César Teixeira4Marco Simões5João Durães6Raul Barbosa7Henrique Madeira8Paulo Carvalho9Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), 3030-290 Coimbra, PortugalUltra-short-term HRV features assess minor autonomous nervous system variations such as variations resulting from cognitive stress peaks during demanding tasks. Several studies compare ultra-short-term and short-term HRV measurements to investigate their reliability. However, existing experiments are conducted in low cognitively demanding environments. In this paper, we propose to evaluate these measurements’ reliability under cognitively demanding tasks using a near real-life setting. For this purpose, we selected 31 HRV features, extracted from data collected from 21 programmers performing code comprehension, and compared them across 18 different time frames, ranging from 3 min to 10 s. Statistical significance and correlation tests were performed between the features extracted using the larger window (3 min) and the same features extracted with the other 17 time frames. We paired these analyses with Bland–Altman plots to inspect how the extraction window size affects the HRV features. The main results show 13 features that presented at least 50% correlation when using 60-second windows. The HF and mNN features achieved around 50% correlation using a 30-second window. The 30-second window was the smallest time frame considered to have reliable measurements. Furthermore, the mNN feature proved to be quite robust to the shortening of the time resolution.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6528ultra-short-term HRV featuresstatistical significancecorrelationcognitively demanding taskscode comprehension |
| spellingShingle | André Bernardes Ricardo Couceiro Júlio Medeiros Jorge Henriques César Teixeira Marco Simões João Durães Raul Barbosa Henrique Madeira Paulo Carvalho How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks? Sensors ultra-short-term HRV features statistical significance correlation cognitively demanding tasks code comprehension |
| title | How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks? |
| title_full | How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks? |
| title_fullStr | How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks? |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks? |
| title_short | How Reliable Are Ultra-Short-Term HRV Measurements during Cognitively Demanding Tasks? |
| title_sort | how reliable are ultra short term hrv measurements during cognitively demanding tasks |
| topic | ultra-short-term HRV features statistical significance correlation cognitively demanding tasks code comprehension |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6528 |
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