Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Prolonged exposure to HIV and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been linked with endothelial cell activation which subsequently predisposes people living with HIV (PLWH) to cardiovascular diseases. Serum biomarkers of endothelial cell activation such as E-Selectin and endothelial...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | AIDS Research and Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-023-00519-x |
| _version_ | 1797827338577117184 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrew Weil Semulimi Charles Batte Alice Bayiyana Mariam Nakabuye John Mukisa Barbara Castelnuovo Rosalind Parkes Ratanshi Bruce J Kirenga Isaac Ssinabulya |
| author_facet | Andrew Weil Semulimi Charles Batte Alice Bayiyana Mariam Nakabuye John Mukisa Barbara Castelnuovo Rosalind Parkes Ratanshi Bruce J Kirenga Isaac Ssinabulya |
| author_sort | Andrew Weil Semulimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Prolonged exposure to HIV and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been linked with endothelial cell activation which subsequently predisposes people living with HIV (PLWH) to cardiovascular diseases. Serum biomarkers of endothelial cell activation such as E-Selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) could aid in early detection of PLWH at a risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on these biomarkers like E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) among PLWH on long term ART (≥ 10 years) in Uganda. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of these biomarkers in this population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study where we randomly sampled 73 stored serum samples of PLWH who were enrolled in the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) ART long term (ALT cohort). We measured serum levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 by ELISA. Data was summarized using median and interquartile range. Inferential statistics were performed to determine predictors of elevated levels of E-selectin. Results Of the 73 samples analyzed, 38 (52.1%) were from female participants. The mean age was 54 ± 9.0 years. Twenty participants (27.4%) had a history of smoking while 52 (71.2%) had a history of alcohol intake. Twenty-five (34.3%) of the participants were overweight whereas 4 (5.6%) were obese. Fifty-four (74%) had an undetectable viral load (≤ 0 copies/ml) and the mean duration of ART at the time of sampling (2014/2015) was 10.4 ± 0.4 years. While serum levels of ESM-1 were not detectable in any of our samples, the median E-selectin levels was 147.6 μm/L ranging from 8.44 μm/L and 1,979.36 μm/L. Sixty-seven participants (91.8%) had elevated levels of E-selectin (> 39 μm/L). CD4 count > 500 cells/µl compared to lower counts was a predictor of elevated levels of E-Selectin (adjusted Odd Ratio 12.5, 95% CI (1.03 — 149.95, p < 0.05). Conclusions The majority (91.8%) of PLWH on long term ART had elevated levels of E-selectin. Having high CD4 count (> 500 cells/µl) was predictive of elevated levels of E-Selectin. Future work should longitudinally assess the trend of levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 while assessing for cardiovascular diseases endpoint. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:46:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b99a526d64ad48dea4ce98a2ecb6d07e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-6405 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:46:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIDS Research and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b99a526d64ad48dea4ce98a2ecb6d07e2023-05-14T11:28:26ZengBMCAIDS Research and Therapy1742-64052023-05-012011810.1186/s12981-023-00519-xSerum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional studyAndrew Weil Semulimi0Charles Batte1Alice Bayiyana2Mariam Nakabuye3John Mukisa4Barbara Castelnuovo5Rosalind Parkes Ratanshi6Bruce J Kirenga7Isaac Ssinabulya8Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityLung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityLung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityInfectious Diseases Institute, Makerere UniversityInfectious Diseases Institute, Makerere UniversityLung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityAbstract Background Prolonged exposure to HIV and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been linked with endothelial cell activation which subsequently predisposes people living with HIV (PLWH) to cardiovascular diseases. Serum biomarkers of endothelial cell activation such as E-Selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) could aid in early detection of PLWH at a risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on these biomarkers like E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) among PLWH on long term ART (≥ 10 years) in Uganda. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of these biomarkers in this population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study where we randomly sampled 73 stored serum samples of PLWH who were enrolled in the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) ART long term (ALT cohort). We measured serum levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 by ELISA. Data was summarized using median and interquartile range. Inferential statistics were performed to determine predictors of elevated levels of E-selectin. Results Of the 73 samples analyzed, 38 (52.1%) were from female participants. The mean age was 54 ± 9.0 years. Twenty participants (27.4%) had a history of smoking while 52 (71.2%) had a history of alcohol intake. Twenty-five (34.3%) of the participants were overweight whereas 4 (5.6%) were obese. Fifty-four (74%) had an undetectable viral load (≤ 0 copies/ml) and the mean duration of ART at the time of sampling (2014/2015) was 10.4 ± 0.4 years. While serum levels of ESM-1 were not detectable in any of our samples, the median E-selectin levels was 147.6 μm/L ranging from 8.44 μm/L and 1,979.36 μm/L. Sixty-seven participants (91.8%) had elevated levels of E-selectin (> 39 μm/L). CD4 count > 500 cells/µl compared to lower counts was a predictor of elevated levels of E-Selectin (adjusted Odd Ratio 12.5, 95% CI (1.03 — 149.95, p < 0.05). Conclusions The majority (91.8%) of PLWH on long term ART had elevated levels of E-selectin. Having high CD4 count (> 500 cells/µl) was predictive of elevated levels of E-Selectin. Future work should longitudinally assess the trend of levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 while assessing for cardiovascular diseases endpoint.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-023-00519-xE-SelectinEndothelial activationLong-term antiretroviral therapy |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Weil Semulimi Charles Batte Alice Bayiyana Mariam Nakabuye John Mukisa Barbara Castelnuovo Rosalind Parkes Ratanshi Bruce J Kirenga Isaac Ssinabulya Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study AIDS Research and Therapy E-Selectin Endothelial activation Long-term antiretroviral therapy |
| title | Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | serum e selectin and endothelial cell specific molecule 1 levels among people living with hiv on long term art in uganda a pilot cross sectional study |
| topic | E-Selectin Endothelial activation Long-term antiretroviral therapy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-023-00519-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewweilsemulimi serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT charlesbatte serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT alicebayiyana serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT mariamnakabuye serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT johnmukisa serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT barbaracastelnuovo serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT rosalindparkesratanshi serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT brucejkirenga serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy AT isaacssinabulya serumeselectinandendothelialcellspecificmolecule1levelsamongpeoplelivingwithhivonlongtermartinugandaapilotcrosssectionalstudy |