Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update
The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of som...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000900014&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818033065911386112 |
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| author | A.P. Davel C.F. Wenceslau E.H. Akamine F.E. Xavier G.K. Couto H.T. Oliveira L.V. Rossoni |
| author_facet | A.P. Davel C.F. Wenceslau E.H. Akamine F.E. Xavier G.K. Couto H.T. Oliveira L.V. Rossoni |
| author_sort | A.P. Davel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation ofβ-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:17:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b99f88411da24af6b7280ebb02d9f984 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1414-431X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:17:21Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-b99f88411da24af6b7280ebb02d9f9842022-12-22T01:59:25ZengAssociação Brasileira de Divulgação CientíficaBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research1414-431X2011-09-0144992093210.1590/S0100-879X2011000900014S0100-879X2011000900014Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an updateA.P. Davel0C.F. Wenceslau1E.H. Akamine2F.E. Xavier3G.K. Couto4H.T. Oliveira5L.V. Rossoni6Universidade Estadual de CampinasUniversidade de São PauloUniversidade de São PauloUniversidade Federal de PernambucoUniversidade de São PauloUniversidade de São PauloUniversidade de São PauloThe endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation ofβ-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000900014&lng=en&tlng=enEndothelial dysfunctionHypertensionSympathetic hyperactivityDiabetesObesity |
| spellingShingle | A.P. Davel C.F. Wenceslau E.H. Akamine F.E. Xavier G.K. Couto H.T. Oliveira L.V. Rossoni Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Endothelial dysfunction Hypertension Sympathetic hyperactivity Diabetes Obesity |
| title | Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update |
| title_full | Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update |
| title_fullStr | Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update |
| title_short | Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update |
| title_sort | endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine metabolic diseases an update |
| topic | Endothelial dysfunction Hypertension Sympathetic hyperactivity Diabetes Obesity |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000900014&lng=en&tlng=en |
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