Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin levels and stocking densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics in growing pigs. A 2×3 factorial (two vitamin levels, three regimens of stocking densities) arrangement was utilized with 96 pigs...
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Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
2013-02-01
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| Series: | Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-26-2-241-12.pdf |
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| author | Z. F. Zhang J. Li J. C. Park I. H. Kim |
| author_facet | Z. F. Zhang J. Li J. C. Park I. H. Kim |
| author_sort | Z. F. Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin levels and stocking densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics in growing pigs. A 2×3 factorial (two vitamin levels, three regimens of stocking densities) arrangement was utilized with 96 pigs (23.10×0.95 kg initial body weight and 63 d of age) for 36 d. The pigs were allocated to pens with different stocking density (0.64, 0.48, and 0.38 m2/pig, respectively). The diets used in this study were a normal diet (based on NRC) and a high level of vitamin diet (2-fold higher than normal diet). The ADG and ADFI of pigs were decreased as the stocking density increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). The G/F of pigs was 5% lower in the high vitamin treatment (p = 0.03) as compared with the control treatment. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N digestibility was negatively affected by the high level of vitamin in diets (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, a significant and negative effect on the ATTD of N was detected in the large groups (linear, p = 0.02). Blood cortisol concentration was increased with increasing stocking density (linear, p = 0.05), and was decreased by high level of vitamin (p = 0.04) at the end of this experiment. Stocking density also caused a linear reduction in WBC concentration (p = 0.05). Our data indicated that the principal effect of stocking density was not reliant on dietary vitamin levels. In conclusion, results indicated that doubling the vitamin supplementation did not improve the growth performance of pigs in high density. However, the blood cortisol concentration was decreased but the ATTD of N digestibility was impaired by high level of vitamin diet. |
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| issn | 1011-2367 1976-5517 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:11:24Z |
| publishDate | 2013-02-01 |
| publisher | Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies |
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| series | Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9a24fedad934b7d9435c93d1f7a9ed62022-12-21T19:17:59ZengAsian-Australasian Association of Animal Production SocietiesAsian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences1011-23671976-55172013-02-0126224124610.5713/ajas.2012.124344641Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing PigsZ. F. Zhang0J. Li1J. C. Park2I. H. Kim3 Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, Korea Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, Korea National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration of Korea, Korea Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No. 29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 330-714, KoreaThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin levels and stocking densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics in growing pigs. A 2×3 factorial (two vitamin levels, three regimens of stocking densities) arrangement was utilized with 96 pigs (23.10×0.95 kg initial body weight and 63 d of age) for 36 d. The pigs were allocated to pens with different stocking density (0.64, 0.48, and 0.38 m2/pig, respectively). The diets used in this study were a normal diet (based on NRC) and a high level of vitamin diet (2-fold higher than normal diet). The ADG and ADFI of pigs were decreased as the stocking density increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). The G/F of pigs was 5% lower in the high vitamin treatment (p = 0.03) as compared with the control treatment. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N digestibility was negatively affected by the high level of vitamin in diets (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, a significant and negative effect on the ATTD of N was detected in the large groups (linear, p = 0.02). Blood cortisol concentration was increased with increasing stocking density (linear, p = 0.05), and was decreased by high level of vitamin (p = 0.04) at the end of this experiment. Stocking density also caused a linear reduction in WBC concentration (p = 0.05). Our data indicated that the principal effect of stocking density was not reliant on dietary vitamin levels. In conclusion, results indicated that doubling the vitamin supplementation did not improve the growth performance of pigs in high density. However, the blood cortisol concentration was decreased but the ATTD of N digestibility was impaired by high level of vitamin diet.http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-26-2-241-12.pdfCortisolDensityGrowing pigsPerformanceVitamin Level |
| spellingShingle | Z. F. Zhang J. Li J. C. Park I. H. Kim Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences Cortisol Density Growing pigs Performance Vitamin Level |
| title | Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs |
| title_full | Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs |
| title_short | Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs |
| title_sort | effect of vitamin levels and different stocking densities on performance nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics of growing pigs |
| topic | Cortisol Density Growing pigs Performance Vitamin Level |
| url | http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-26-2-241-12.pdf |
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