Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI
IntroductionPatients and technologists commonly describe vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance near high-field magnets, e.g., 7-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. We sought a simple way to alleviate vertigo and dizziness in high-field MRI scanners by applying the understanding of the m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1255105/full |
| _version_ | 1797622932121321472 |
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| author | Jacob M. Pogson Jacob M. Pogson Ari Shemesh Ari Shemesh Ari Shemesh Dale C. Roberts Dale C. Roberts David S. Zee David S. Zee David S. Zee David S. Zee Jorge Otero-Milan Jorge Otero-Milan Bryan K. Ward |
| author_facet | Jacob M. Pogson Jacob M. Pogson Ari Shemesh Ari Shemesh Ari Shemesh Dale C. Roberts Dale C. Roberts David S. Zee David S. Zee David S. Zee David S. Zee Jorge Otero-Milan Jorge Otero-Milan Bryan K. Ward |
| author_sort | Jacob M. Pogson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPatients and technologists commonly describe vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance near high-field magnets, e.g., 7-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. We sought a simple way to alleviate vertigo and dizziness in high-field MRI scanners by applying the understanding of the mechanisms behind magnetic vestibular stimulation and the innate characteristics of vestibular adaptation.MethodsWe first created a three-dimensional (3D) control systems model of the direct and indirect vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathways, including adaptation mechanisms. The goal was to develop a paradigm for human participants undergoing a 7T MRI scan to optimize the speed and acceleration of entry into and exit from the MRI bore to minimize unwanted vertigo. We then applied this paradigm from the model by recording 3D binocular eye movements (horizontal, vertical, and torsion) and the subjective experience of eight normal individuals within a 7T MRI. The independent variables were the duration of entry into and exit from the MRI bore, the time inside the MRI bore, and the magnetic field strength; the dependent variables were nystagmus slow-phase eye velocity (SPV) and the sensation of vertigo.ResultsIn the model, when the participant was exposed to a linearly increasing magnetic field strength, the per-peak (after entry into the MRI bore) and post-peak (after exiting the MRI bore) responses of nystagmus SPV were reduced with increasing duration of entry and exit, respectively. There was a greater effect on the per-peak response. The entry/exit duration and peak response were inversely related, and the nystagmus was decreased the most with the 5-min duration paradigm (the longest duration modeled). The experimental nystagmus pattern of the eight normal participants matched the model, with increasing entry duration having the strongest effect on the per-peak response of nystagmus SPV. Similarly, all participants described less vertigo with the longer duration entries.ConclusionIncreasing the duration of entry into and exit out of a 7T MRI scanner reduced or eliminated vertigo symptoms and reduced nystagmus peak SPV. Model simulations suggest that central processes of vestibular adaptation account for these effects. Therefore, 2-min entry and 20-s exit durations are a practical solution to mitigate vertigo and other discomforting symptoms associated with undergoing 7T MRI scans. In principle, these findings also apply to different magnet strengths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9a33c790fb54ac792d2e6538a97ef81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9a33c790fb54ac792d2e6538a97ef812023-11-16T18:32:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952023-11-011410.3389/fneur.2023.12551051255105Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRIJacob M. Pogson0Jacob M. Pogson1Ari Shemesh2Ari Shemesh3Ari Shemesh4Dale C. Roberts5Dale C. Roberts6David S. Zee7David S. Zee8David S. Zee9David S. Zee10Jorge Otero-Milan11Jorge Otero-Milan12Bryan K. Ward13Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelHerbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesWilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesHerbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United StatesDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesIntroductionPatients and technologists commonly describe vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance near high-field magnets, e.g., 7-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. We sought a simple way to alleviate vertigo and dizziness in high-field MRI scanners by applying the understanding of the mechanisms behind magnetic vestibular stimulation and the innate characteristics of vestibular adaptation.MethodsWe first created a three-dimensional (3D) control systems model of the direct and indirect vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathways, including adaptation mechanisms. The goal was to develop a paradigm for human participants undergoing a 7T MRI scan to optimize the speed and acceleration of entry into and exit from the MRI bore to minimize unwanted vertigo. We then applied this paradigm from the model by recording 3D binocular eye movements (horizontal, vertical, and torsion) and the subjective experience of eight normal individuals within a 7T MRI. The independent variables were the duration of entry into and exit from the MRI bore, the time inside the MRI bore, and the magnetic field strength; the dependent variables were nystagmus slow-phase eye velocity (SPV) and the sensation of vertigo.ResultsIn the model, when the participant was exposed to a linearly increasing magnetic field strength, the per-peak (after entry into the MRI bore) and post-peak (after exiting the MRI bore) responses of nystagmus SPV were reduced with increasing duration of entry and exit, respectively. There was a greater effect on the per-peak response. The entry/exit duration and peak response were inversely related, and the nystagmus was decreased the most with the 5-min duration paradigm (the longest duration modeled). The experimental nystagmus pattern of the eight normal participants matched the model, with increasing entry duration having the strongest effect on the per-peak response of nystagmus SPV. Similarly, all participants described less vertigo with the longer duration entries.ConclusionIncreasing the duration of entry into and exit out of a 7T MRI scanner reduced or eliminated vertigo symptoms and reduced nystagmus peak SPV. Model simulations suggest that central processes of vestibular adaptation account for these effects. Therefore, 2-min entry and 20-s exit durations are a practical solution to mitigate vertigo and other discomforting symptoms associated with undergoing 7T MRI scans. In principle, these findings also apply to different magnet strengths.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1255105/fullvertigonystagmusmathematical modelMRIsafetyLorentz force |
| spellingShingle | Jacob M. Pogson Jacob M. Pogson Ari Shemesh Ari Shemesh Ari Shemesh Dale C. Roberts Dale C. Roberts David S. Zee David S. Zee David S. Zee David S. Zee Jorge Otero-Milan Jorge Otero-Milan Bryan K. Ward Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI Frontiers in Neurology vertigo nystagmus mathematical model MRI safety Lorentz force |
| title | Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI |
| title_full | Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI |
| title_fullStr | Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI |
| title_short | Longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7-Tesla MRI |
| title_sort | longer duration entry mitigates nystagmus and vertigo in 7 tesla mri |
| topic | vertigo nystagmus mathematical model MRI safety Lorentz force |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1255105/full |
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