Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions.
Russeting is a cosmetic defect of some fruit skins. Russeting (botanically: induction of periderm formation) can result from various environmental factors including wounding and surface moisture. The objective was to compare periderms resulting from wounding with those from exposure to moisture in d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274733 |
| _version_ | 1811229372694134784 |
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| author | Yun-Hao Chen Jannis Straube Bishnu P Khanal Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl Kiran Suresh Lukas Schreiber Thomas Debener Moritz Knoche |
| author_facet | Yun-Hao Chen Jannis Straube Bishnu P Khanal Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl Kiran Suresh Lukas Schreiber Thomas Debener Moritz Knoche |
| author_sort | Yun-Hao Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Russeting is a cosmetic defect of some fruit skins. Russeting (botanically: induction of periderm formation) can result from various environmental factors including wounding and surface moisture. The objective was to compare periderms resulting from wounding with those from exposure to moisture in developing apple fruit. Wounding or moisture exposure both resulted in cuticular microcracking. Cross-sections revealed suberized hypodermal cell walls by 4 d, and the start of periderm formation by 8 d after wounding or moisture treatment. The expression of selected target genes was similar in wound and moisture induced periderms. Transcription factors involved in the regulation of suberin (MYB93) and lignin (MYB42) synthesis, genes involved in the synthesis (CYP86B1) and the transport (ABCG20) of suberin monomers and two uncharacterized transcription factors (NAC038 and NAC058) were all upregulated in induced periderm samples. Genes involved in cutin (GPAT6, SHN3) and wax synthesis (KCS10, WSD1, CER6) and transport of cutin monomers and wax components (ABCG11) were all downregulated. Levels of typical suberin monomers (ω-hydroxy-C20, -C22 and -C24 acids) and total suberin were high in the periderms, but low in the cuticle. Periderms were induced only when wounding occurred during early fruit development (32 and 66 days after full bloom (DAFB)) but not later (93 DAFB). Wound and moisture induced periderms are very similar morphologically, histologically, compositionally and molecularly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:13:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9a839e6353f421996b585df137c6ace |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:13:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9a839e6353f421996b585df137c6ace2022-12-22T03:37:15ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01179e027473310.1371/journal.pone.0274733Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions.Yun-Hao ChenJannis StraubeBishnu P KhanalViktoria Zeisler-DiehlKiran SureshLukas SchreiberThomas DebenerMoritz KnocheRusseting is a cosmetic defect of some fruit skins. Russeting (botanically: induction of periderm formation) can result from various environmental factors including wounding and surface moisture. The objective was to compare periderms resulting from wounding with those from exposure to moisture in developing apple fruit. Wounding or moisture exposure both resulted in cuticular microcracking. Cross-sections revealed suberized hypodermal cell walls by 4 d, and the start of periderm formation by 8 d after wounding or moisture treatment. The expression of selected target genes was similar in wound and moisture induced periderms. Transcription factors involved in the regulation of suberin (MYB93) and lignin (MYB42) synthesis, genes involved in the synthesis (CYP86B1) and the transport (ABCG20) of suberin monomers and two uncharacterized transcription factors (NAC038 and NAC058) were all upregulated in induced periderm samples. Genes involved in cutin (GPAT6, SHN3) and wax synthesis (KCS10, WSD1, CER6) and transport of cutin monomers and wax components (ABCG11) were all downregulated. Levels of typical suberin monomers (ω-hydroxy-C20, -C22 and -C24 acids) and total suberin were high in the periderms, but low in the cuticle. Periderms were induced only when wounding occurred during early fruit development (32 and 66 days after full bloom (DAFB)) but not later (93 DAFB). Wound and moisture induced periderms are very similar morphologically, histologically, compositionally and molecularly.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274733 |
| spellingShingle | Yun-Hao Chen Jannis Straube Bishnu P Khanal Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl Kiran Suresh Lukas Schreiber Thomas Debener Moritz Knoche Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. PLoS ONE |
| title | Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. |
| title_full | Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. |
| title_fullStr | Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. |
| title_short | Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. |
| title_sort | apple fruit periderms russeting induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies chemistries and gene expressions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274733 |
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