S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>
The synthesis of cell-wall sulfated galactans proceeds through UDP galactose, a major nucleotide sugar in red seaweed, whilst sulfate is transported through S-transporters into algae. Moreover, synthesis of ethylene, a volatile plant growth regulator that plays an important role in red seaweed repro...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/7/436 |
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| author | Diana del Rosario-Santana Rafael R. Robaina Pilar Garcia-Jimenez |
| author_facet | Diana del Rosario-Santana Rafael R. Robaina Pilar Garcia-Jimenez |
| author_sort | Diana del Rosario-Santana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis of cell-wall sulfated galactans proceeds through UDP galactose, a major nucleotide sugar in red seaweed, whilst sulfate is transported through S-transporters into algae. Moreover, synthesis of ethylene, a volatile plant growth regulator that plays an important role in red seaweed reproduction, occurs through S-adenosyl methionine. This means that sulfur metabolism is involved in reproduction events as well as sulfated galactan synthesis of red seaweed. In this work we study the effects of methionine and MgSO<sub>4</sub> on gene expression of polygalactan synthesis through phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) and of sulfate assimilation (S-transporter and sulfate adenylyltransferase, SAT) using treatment of ethylene for 15 min, which elicited cystocarp development in <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>. Also, expressions of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> and <i>galactose-6-sulfurylase</i> in charge of the addition and removal of sulfate groups to galactans backbone were examined. Outstanding results occurred in the presence of methionine, which provoked an increment in transcript number of genes encoding S-transporter and assimilation compared to controls regardless of the development stage of thalli. Otherwise, methionine diminished the transcript levels of <i>PGM</i> and <i>GALT</i> and expressions are associated with the fertilization stage of thalli of <i>G. imbricata</i>. As opposite, methionine and MgSO<sub>4</sub> did not affect the transcript number of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> and <i>galactose-6-sulfurylase</i>. Nonetheless, differential expression was obtained for sulfurylases according to the development stages of thalli of <i>G. imbricata</i>. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:18:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b9a9d9132afd41f782ef177423f9c8942023-12-03T11:51:36ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-06-0120743610.3390/md20070436S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>Diana del Rosario-Santana0Rafael R. Robaina1Pilar Garcia-Jimenez2Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainDepartamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainDepartamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainThe synthesis of cell-wall sulfated galactans proceeds through UDP galactose, a major nucleotide sugar in red seaweed, whilst sulfate is transported through S-transporters into algae. Moreover, synthesis of ethylene, a volatile plant growth regulator that plays an important role in red seaweed reproduction, occurs through S-adenosyl methionine. This means that sulfur metabolism is involved in reproduction events as well as sulfated galactan synthesis of red seaweed. In this work we study the effects of methionine and MgSO<sub>4</sub> on gene expression of polygalactan synthesis through phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) and of sulfate assimilation (S-transporter and sulfate adenylyltransferase, SAT) using treatment of ethylene for 15 min, which elicited cystocarp development in <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>. Also, expressions of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> and <i>galactose-6-sulfurylase</i> in charge of the addition and removal of sulfate groups to galactans backbone were examined. Outstanding results occurred in the presence of methionine, which provoked an increment in transcript number of genes encoding S-transporter and assimilation compared to controls regardless of the development stage of thalli. Otherwise, methionine diminished the transcript levels of <i>PGM</i> and <i>GALT</i> and expressions are associated with the fertilization stage of thalli of <i>G. imbricata</i>. As opposite, methionine and MgSO<sub>4</sub> did not affect the transcript number of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> and <i>galactose-6-sulfurylase</i>. Nonetheless, differential expression was obtained for sulfurylases according to the development stages of thalli of <i>G. imbricata</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/7/436carbohydrate sulfotransferasecarrageenangalactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferasegalactose-6-sulfurylasephosphoglucomutasered algae |
| spellingShingle | Diana del Rosario-Santana Rafael R. Robaina Pilar Garcia-Jimenez S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> Marine Drugs carbohydrate sulfotransferase carrageenan galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase galactose-6-sulfurylase phosphoglucomutase red algae |
| title | S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_full | S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_fullStr | S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_short | S-Assimilation Influences in Carrageenan Biosynthesis Genes during Ethylene-Induced Carposporogenesis in Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_sort | s assimilation influences in carrageenan biosynthesis genes during ethylene induced carposporogenesis in red seaweed i grateloupia imbricata i |
| topic | carbohydrate sulfotransferase carrageenan galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase galactose-6-sulfurylase phosphoglucomutase red algae |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/7/436 |
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