Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search
Non-mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) plays a vital role in diagnosing eye diseases, with its performance primarily dependent on the autofocus process. However, even minor maloperations or eye micro-movements can compromise fundus imaging quality, leading to autofocus inaccuracy and a heightened r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/286 |
| _version_ | 1797359096016404480 |
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| author | Zeyuan Liu Shufang Qiu Huaiyu Cai Yi Wang Xiaodong Chen |
| author_facet | Zeyuan Liu Shufang Qiu Huaiyu Cai Yi Wang Xiaodong Chen |
| author_sort | Zeyuan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) plays a vital role in diagnosing eye diseases, with its performance primarily dependent on the autofocus process. However, even minor maloperations or eye micro-movements can compromise fundus imaging quality, leading to autofocus inaccuracy and a heightened risk of misdiagnosis. To enhance the autofocus performance in NMFP, a fast and robust fundus autofocus method with adaptive window and path-optimized search is proposed. In this method, the adaptive focus window is used to suppress irrelevant image contents and correct the sharpness curve, and the path-optimized search is constructed to overcome the curve’s local extrema, in order to achieve rapid focus position convergence. This method was simulated and clinically studied with the self-developed autofocus system for NMFP. The results of 80 cases of human eye imaging show that, compared with similar autofocus methods, this method achieves a focus success rate of 90% with the least axial scanning, and can adapt to non-ideal imaging conditions such as pupil misalignment, eyelash occlusion, and nystagmus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:11:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9b2ab908cc5418a82ca1248146e7824 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:11:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9b2ab908cc5418a82ca1248146e78242024-01-10T14:51:37ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-12-0114128610.3390/app14010286Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized SearchZeyuan Liu0Shufang Qiu1Huaiyu Cai2Yi Wang3Xiaodong Chen4Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Information, Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaKey Laboratory of Photoelectric Information, Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaKey Laboratory of Photoelectric Information, Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaKey Laboratory of Photoelectric Information, Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaKey Laboratory of Photoelectric Information, Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaNon-mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) plays a vital role in diagnosing eye diseases, with its performance primarily dependent on the autofocus process. However, even minor maloperations or eye micro-movements can compromise fundus imaging quality, leading to autofocus inaccuracy and a heightened risk of misdiagnosis. To enhance the autofocus performance in NMFP, a fast and robust fundus autofocus method with adaptive window and path-optimized search is proposed. In this method, the adaptive focus window is used to suppress irrelevant image contents and correct the sharpness curve, and the path-optimized search is constructed to overcome the curve’s local extrema, in order to achieve rapid focus position convergence. This method was simulated and clinically studied with the self-developed autofocus system for NMFP. The results of 80 cases of human eye imaging show that, compared with similar autofocus methods, this method achieves a focus success rate of 90% with the least axial scanning, and can adapt to non-ideal imaging conditions such as pupil misalignment, eyelash occlusion, and nystagmus.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/286autofocusnon-mydriatic fundus photographyimage sharpnessadaptive focus windowpath-optimized search |
| spellingShingle | Zeyuan Liu Shufang Qiu Huaiyu Cai Yi Wang Xiaodong Chen Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search Applied Sciences autofocus non-mydriatic fundus photography image sharpness adaptive focus window path-optimized search |
| title | Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search |
| title_full | Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search |
| title_short | Enhancing Autofocus in Non-Mydriatic Fundus Photography: A Fast and Robust Approach with Adaptive Window and Path-Optimized Search |
| title_sort | enhancing autofocus in non mydriatic fundus photography a fast and robust approach with adaptive window and path optimized search |
| topic | autofocus non-mydriatic fundus photography image sharpness adaptive focus window path-optimized search |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/1/286 |
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