| Summary: | While the first energy policies adopted by French local authorities resulted from the 1970s oil crises, the first local climate protection plans only started to emerge around 2000, in the wake of the Kyoto Earth Summit. These first generation plans are committed to a time-bound and measurable objective of emissions reduction and often refer to the factor 4 objective. They are faced with various conception and implementation challenges, which lead to a major discrepancy between short-term and corrective measures based on current trends, and a long-term objective requiring structural change. Combining short-term climate protection plan, land planning and the development of local energy futures studies thus appears as a key condition for local actors to truly work towards factor 4.
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