Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FF...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1523 |
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| author | Josephine S. Jakubowski Everson A. Nunes Filipe J. Teixeira Victoria Vescio Robert W. Morton Laura Banfield Stuart M. Phillips |
| author_facet | Josephine S. Jakubowski Everson A. Nunes Filipe J. Teixeira Victoria Vescio Robert W. Morton Laura Banfield Stuart M. Phillips |
| author_sort | Josephine S. Jakubowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FFM and strength gains during RET in young adults. Outcomes investigated were: total body mass (TBM), FFM, fat mass (FM), total single repetition maximum (1RM), bench press (BP) 1RM, and lower body (LwB) 1RM. Databases consulted were: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SportDiscus. Fourteen studies fit the inclusion criteria; however, 11 were analyzed after data extraction and funnel plot analysis exclusion. A total of 302 participants (18–45 y) were included in body mass and composition analysis, and 248 were included in the strength analysis. A significant effect was found on TBM. However, there were no significant effects for FFM, FM, or strength outcomes. We conclude that HMB produces a small effect on TBM gain, but this effect does not translate into significantly greater increases in FFM, strength or decreases in FM during periods of RET. Our findings do not support the use of HMB aiming at improvement of body composition or strength with RET. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:37:59Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:37:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9bbf521830a491ca6eacf73ea4408ca2023-11-20T01:31:03ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01125152310.3390/nu12051523Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisJosephine S. Jakubowski0Everson A. Nunes1Filipe J. Teixeira2Victoria Vescio3Robert W. Morton4Laura Banfield5Stuart M. Phillips6Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaCBIOS—Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Campo Grande, 1749 024 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaHealth Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadaDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canadaβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that is purported to increase fat-free mass (FFM) gain and performance in response to resistance exercise training (RET). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of HMB supplementation in augmenting FFM and strength gains during RET in young adults. Outcomes investigated were: total body mass (TBM), FFM, fat mass (FM), total single repetition maximum (1RM), bench press (BP) 1RM, and lower body (LwB) 1RM. Databases consulted were: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica database (Embase), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SportDiscus. Fourteen studies fit the inclusion criteria; however, 11 were analyzed after data extraction and funnel plot analysis exclusion. A total of 302 participants (18–45 y) were included in body mass and composition analysis, and 248 were included in the strength analysis. A significant effect was found on TBM. However, there were no significant effects for FFM, FM, or strength outcomes. We conclude that HMB produces a small effect on TBM gain, but this effect does not translate into significantly greater increases in FFM, strength or decreases in FM during periods of RET. Our findings do not support the use of HMB aiming at improvement of body composition or strength with RET.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1523muscle massresistance exercisestrength trainingHMB1RMhypertrophy |
| spellingShingle | Josephine S. Jakubowski Everson A. Nunes Filipe J. Teixeira Victoria Vescio Robert W. Morton Laura Banfield Stuart M. Phillips Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Nutrients muscle mass resistance exercise strength training HMB 1RM hypertrophy |
| title | Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Supplementation with the Leucine Metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) does not Improve Resistance Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Composition or Strength in Young Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | supplementation with the leucine metabolite β hydroxy β methylbutyrate hmb does not improve resistance exercise induced changes in body composition or strength in young subjects a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | muscle mass resistance exercise strength training HMB 1RM hypertrophy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1523 |
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