The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae
Radix Scrophulariae is a commonly used Chinese herb derived from the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoesis Hemsl. (S. ningpoensis). It is difficult to accurately estimate the dosage of Chinese medicinal materials used in the prescription because of the chemical variation caused by various factors. T...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024004997 |
| _version_ | 1797328687223275520 |
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| author | Hui Yao Jian Sun Mengying Chen Yu Dong Pan Wang Jianzhong Xu Qingsong Shao Zhian Wang |
| author_facet | Hui Yao Jian Sun Mengying Chen Yu Dong Pan Wang Jianzhong Xu Qingsong Shao Zhian Wang |
| author_sort | Hui Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Radix Scrophulariae is a commonly used Chinese herb derived from the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoesis Hemsl. (S. ningpoensis). It is difficult to accurately estimate the dosage of Chinese medicinal materials used in the prescription because of the chemical variation caused by various factors. To analyze the non-environmental factors affecting the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae, we planted nine different cultivated varieties of S. ningpoensis in the same plantation. Based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we found that the materials from the cultivated varieties could be divided into two groups, the Zhejiang group, and the southwest China group. The genetic distance based on molecular data between the two groups was above 0.3882, and the Euclidean distance based on chemical data between the two groups was above 5.312. The correlation analysis between the genetic distance matrix based on SRAP and the Euclidean distance matrix based on 18 HPLC peaks of the whole underground part revealed that the genetic differentiation and chemical variation were positively related, r = 0.7196 (p < 0.05). The genetic background, different part of the roots and the different development of the roots are the three non-environmental factors causing the chemical variation. The coefficient of variation (C.V) of chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae with different genetic background reached to 93.62 %, the C.V of the chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae derived from the same variety reached to 64.21 %, the C.V of the chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae derived from the middle part of the roots of S. ningpoensis from the same variety reached to 45.55 %. The C.V of chemical composition of Radix Scrophulairae produced in the same plantation could be controlled to 38.43 % by using the same variety of roots with the approximate mass derived from the middle part of the roots under 20 g. Our findings provided insights to decrease the chemical variation of Chinese medicinal materials by controlling non-environmental factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:55:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9c683f50a4a42daa9ad02f15bf6848f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:55:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9c683f50a4a42daa9ad02f15bf6848f2024-02-03T06:37:35ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-01-01102e24468The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix ScrophulariaeHui Yao0Jian Sun1Mengying Chen2Yu Dong3Pan Wang4Jianzhong Xu5Qingsong Shao6Zhian Wang7School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, ChinaZhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Corresponding author. Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, China.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, ChinaZhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, ChinaInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Innovation of Pan'an, Pan'an, 322300, ChinaZhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Corresponding author. Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310023, China.Radix Scrophulariae is a commonly used Chinese herb derived from the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoesis Hemsl. (S. ningpoensis). It is difficult to accurately estimate the dosage of Chinese medicinal materials used in the prescription because of the chemical variation caused by various factors. To analyze the non-environmental factors affecting the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae, we planted nine different cultivated varieties of S. ningpoensis in the same plantation. Based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we found that the materials from the cultivated varieties could be divided into two groups, the Zhejiang group, and the southwest China group. The genetic distance based on molecular data between the two groups was above 0.3882, and the Euclidean distance based on chemical data between the two groups was above 5.312. The correlation analysis between the genetic distance matrix based on SRAP and the Euclidean distance matrix based on 18 HPLC peaks of the whole underground part revealed that the genetic differentiation and chemical variation were positively related, r = 0.7196 (p < 0.05). The genetic background, different part of the roots and the different development of the roots are the three non-environmental factors causing the chemical variation. The coefficient of variation (C.V) of chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae with different genetic background reached to 93.62 %, the C.V of the chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae derived from the same variety reached to 64.21 %, the C.V of the chemical composition of Radix Scrophulariae derived from the middle part of the roots of S. ningpoensis from the same variety reached to 45.55 %. The C.V of chemical composition of Radix Scrophulairae produced in the same plantation could be controlled to 38.43 % by using the same variety of roots with the approximate mass derived from the middle part of the roots under 20 g. Our findings provided insights to decrease the chemical variation of Chinese medicinal materials by controlling non-environmental factors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024004997Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl.Non-environmental factorsSRAPSSRHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Hui Yao Jian Sun Mengying Chen Yu Dong Pan Wang Jianzhong Xu Qingsong Shao Zhian Wang The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae Heliyon Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl. Non-environmental factors SRAP SSR HPLC |
| title | The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae |
| title_full | The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae |
| title_fullStr | The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae |
| title_short | The impact of non-environmental factors on the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae |
| title_sort | impact of non environmental factors on the chemical variation of radix scrophulariae |
| topic | Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl. Non-environmental factors SRAP SSR HPLC |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024004997 |
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